Diphyllobotriasis

Short characteristic of a disease

The diphyllobotriasis is the infection of an organism with intestinal helminths Difillobotrium which is followed by damage of a GIT, megaloblastny anemia.

The greatest value has a tape-worm wide, one of representatives of the lentets causing a diphyllobotriasis. In length the parasite reaches 2-10m, it consists of a head, a neck and a long chlenistovidny body.

Emergence reasons

Those who live in regions with a temperate, frigid climate (it is preferential in the northern hemisphere) are more predisposed to a diphyllobotriasis and with the developed fishery on reservoirs with fresh water. Final owners of a parasite: fish-eating animals and people. Intermediate owners are crustaceans a Cyclops and fresh-water fish (a salmon, a perch, a pike, a ruff, a burbot and others).

The diphyllobotriasis activator in a maturity parasitizes in small bowels of the person or the animals predisposed to it, later with their stake are allocated in external environment of egg of helminths. Eggs get to water and in 2-5 weeks there are germs which are swallowed by fresh-water crustaceans. Further development of germs in a form of procercoids happens in muscles, cellulose, a liver, tissues of fishes which eat crustaceans. Here helminths pass into the following form of development dangerous to the person.

Infection with a diphyllobotriasis happens because of the use of the crude, badly processed, light-salted infected fish and her calves.

It is also possible to catch a diphyllobotriasis through knives, ware, boards by means of which undressed the infected fish.

Diphyllobotriasis symptoms

Diphyllobotriasis incubation interval – 30-50dn. During this time helminths pass into puberal forms, are fixed in intestines and begin to function.

The diphyllobotriasis gradually begins. There is nausea, pains in epigastriums, vomiting, worsens appetite, the chair is broken.

The main symptoms of a diphyllobotriasis in later stage: fatigue, dizziness, weakness, pains, paresthesias, language cracks (becomes later language smooth). Tachycardia, a nun's murmur and systolic noise on a top, hypotonia is observed.

By means of laboratory blood analyses of presumably infected patient it is possible to see such larvate symptoms of a diphyllobotriasis – reduction of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, a high color rate, the increase of direct bilirubin, a neutropenia, a leukocytosis accelerated by SOE.

If the diphyllobotriasis passes in a severe form, there is a funicular myelosis which is expressed in disturbance of deep sensitivity, unsharp paresthesias, weakness of legs.

At a long current of a diphyllobotriasis intestinal impassability develops

Diagnosis of a disease

The large role in diagnosing of a diphyllobotriasis is played by existence of information on location of the patient in the last month, two, about the facts of the use by it or a razdelyvaniye of fresh-water fish.

Cases when parts of mature parasites left with a stake are known. It is also characteristic symptom of a diphyllobotriasis: outside, unlike a bull or pork tapeworm there are only scraps of a body of a parasite.

It is also important to distinguish a diphyllobotriasis from anemia Addison-Birmera. For this purpose investigate stomach contents on existence of a factor of Kasl which is not at anemia.

Finally the diagnosis "diphyllobotriasis" can be made after in Calais find Difillobotrium's eggs.

Treatment of a diphyllobotriasis

Treatment of a diphyllobotriasis is appointed at once after its diagnosing.

If anemia is expressed, prior to helminth elimination to the patient appoint a rate of vitamins and iron preparations. B12 vitamins prick 2-3r/week for a month.

Apply the Praziquantel to treatment of a diphyllobotriasis (its synonyms – Azineconstruction Department, Biltritsid). Efficiency of such therapy makes 95%. If the patient has contraindications to this drug (a lactation, cysticercosis of eyes or a liver, a hepatic unsufficiency, age to 4kh years, pregnancy), appoint to accept pumpkin seeds.

The pumpkin seeds (which are dried up or crude, pounded with water and honey) in quantity 300gr accept on an empty stomach for one hour.

After treatment of a diphyllobotriasis of the patient even after a full exit of helminths observe even not less 3kh months, the calla and blood surely control a state.

In rare instances when the diphyllobotriasis is complicated by intestinal impassability, appoint operation.

Prevention of a disease

For prevention of a diphyllobotriasis in regions of presumable infection it is necessary to carry out explanatory work, to provide health control of descent of sewage, of a condition of coast and beaches, of the fish products arriving on productions, the markets and shops.

After the diagnosis is made to the patient, it is necessary to inspect his family and if it is necessary, to appoint treatment.