Glutaminic acid

Glutaminic acid concerns to group of replaceable amino acids and plays an important role in an organism. Its contents in an organism makes up to 25% of all amino acids.

Commercially glutaminic acid is received by microbiological synthesis. In chemically pure look it has an appearance of the white or inodorous colourless crystals having acid taste, in water crystals are dissolved badly. For the best solubility glutaminic acid is turned into sodium salt – a glutamate.

Use of glutaminic acid

In the food industry glutaminic acid is known as nutritional supplement under the name E620. It is used as the amplifier of taste in a number of products along with salts of glutaminic acid – glutamates.

Glutaminic acid is added to semi-finished products, instant various products, culinary products, concentrates of broths. It impacts to food pleasant meat relish.

In medicine use of glutaminic acid renders insignificant psychogogic, exciting and nootropic action that is used in treatment of a number of diseases of a nervous system.

In the middle of the 20th century doctors recommended use of glutaminic acid inside in case of muscular and dystrophic diseases. Also it was appointed to athletes for the purpose of increase in muscle bulk.

Value of glutaminic acid for an organism

It is difficult to revaluate a role of glutaminic acid, it:

• Participates in synthesis of a histamine, serotonin and some other biologically active agents;
• Neutralizes harmful decomposition product – ammonia;
• Is a mediator;
• Enters a cycle of transformations of carbohydrates and nucleic acids;
• From it folic acid is synthesized;
• Participates in exchange of energy with formation of AFT in a brain.

In an organism glutaminic acid is a part of proteins, it is present at a blood plasma in a free look and also as a component of a number of low-molecular substances. The body of the person contains a reserve of glutaminic acid, in case of its insufficiency it first of all arrives there where it is necessary most of all.

Glutaminic acid plays an important role in transfer of nervous impulses. Linkng with certain receptors of nervous cells leads it to excitement of neurons and acceleration of momentum transfer. Thus, glutaminic acid performs neuromediator functions.

At excess of this amino acid in a synapse overexcitation of nervous cells and even their damage is possible that leads to diseases of a nervous system. In this case protective function is undertaken by glial cells which surround and protect neurons. Cells of a neuroglia absorb and neutralize excess of glutaminic acid in a brain and peripheral nerves.

Glutaminic amino acid increases sensitivity of muscle fibers to potassium by increase in permeability of cellular membranes for it. This microelement plays an important role in reduction of muscles, increasing force of muscular contraction.

Glutaminic acid in sport

Glutaminic acid – quite widespread component of sports food. It is replaceable amino acid for a human body, and transformations of other amino acids happen through glutaminic amino acid which plays the integrating role in exchange of nitrogenous substances. If in an organism any amino acid is not enough, compensation of its contents by transformation from those amino acids which contain much is possible.

If the exercise stress on an organism is very high, and intake of protein with food is limited or does not correspond to requirements of an organism, there is a phenomenon of nitrogenous redistribution. In this case the proteins entering into structure of internals go for creation of fibers of skeletal and cardiac muscles. Therefore in sport glutaminic acid plays an irreplaceable role, it is the intermediate stage in transformations of those amino acids which are not enough for an organism.

Transformation of glutaminic acid into a glutamine for the purpose of ammonia neutralization – one of its main functions. Ammonia is very toxic, but it is an invariable metabolic product – falls to its share to 80% of all nitrogenous compounds. The more load of an organism, the more is formed toxic products of nitrogenous disintegration. In sport glutaminic acid undertakes decrease in level of ammonia, connecting it in a non-toxic glutamine. Besides, according to reviews, glutaminic acid quickly recovers a condition of athletes after the competitions as connects surplus of a lactate which is responsible for feeling of muscular pain.

At athletes at a lack of level of glucose at the time of an intensive exercise stress glutaminic acid turns into an energy source – glucose.

According to reviews, glutaminic acid is well transferred, has no side effects and is absolutely harmless to an organism. The conducted researches showed that 100 g of proteinaceous food contain 25 g of glutaminic acid. This amino acid – a natural component of animal food, and negative reviews of glutaminic acid are a little exaggerated.