Dimedrol

General characteristics. Structure:

Active ingredient: 10 mg of Dimedrol (difengidramin) in 1 ml of solution.

Drug which renders antihistaminic, antiallergic, antiemetic, somnolent, mestnoanesteziruyushchy action.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Blocks histamine H1 — receptors and eliminates the effects of a histamine mediated through this type of receptors. Reduces or warns the spasms of smooth muscles caused by a histamine, increase in permeability of capillaries, hypostasis of fabrics, an itch and a hyperemia. Antagonism with a histamine is shown more concerning local vascular reactions at an inflammation and an allergy in comparison with system, i.e. decrease in the ABP.

Causes local anesthesia (at intake there is a short-term feeling of numbness of a mucous membrane of an oral cavity), has spasmolytic effect, blocks holinoretseptor vegetative ганглиев (lowers the ABP). Blocks H3 — histamine receptors of a brain and oppresses the central cholinergic structures. Has sedative, somnolent and antiemetic effect. It is more effective at the bronchospasm caused by histamine liberator (tubocurarine, morphine, Sombrevinum), to a lesser extent — at an allergic bronchospasm. At bronchial asthma малоактивен it is also used in combination with theophylline, ephedrine and other bronchial spasmolytics.

Pharmacokinetics. After intravenous, intramuscular administration it is widely distributed in an organism, passes through a blood-brain barrier and a placenta. Contacts proteins of plasma for 98 — 99%. It is metabolized in a liver. The elimination half-life (T1/2) makes 1 — 4 h. It is excreted with milk and can cause sedation in children of chest age. During the day it is completely brought out of an organism preferential in the form of the diphenylcarbinol conjugated with glucuronic acid and only in insignificant quantity — in not changed look.

Indications to use:

Drug is appointed at treatment of a small tortoiseshell, hay fever, a vasculitis, vasculomotor rhinitis, a Quincke's disease, pruritic dermatosis, an acute iridocyclitis, allergic conjunctivitis and other allergic complications for reception of various drugs, including antibiotics. Drug is used also at treatment of a radial illness, chorea, sea and aeroembolism, vomiting. Solution of Dimedrol of 1% for injections can be used for decrease in expressiveness of side reactions at hemotransfusion and blood-substituting liquids and other drugs. Drug is used as calming and a hypnagogue independently and in combination with other gipnotika.

Route of administration and doses:

Drug is used intramusculary, intravenously. Subcutaneously the drug is not administered owing to irritant action. Intramusculary enter 10-50 mg (1-5 ml of 1% of solution) in a dose. Intravenously enter kapelno 20 — 50 mg of Dimedrol into 75 — 100 ml of isotonic solution of sodium of chloride.

The maximum doses for adults at intramuscular introduction: one-time — 0,05 g (5 ml of 1% of solution), daily — 0,15 g (15 ml of 1% of solution).

Features of use:

With care use at patients with the hyperthyroidism raised by the intraocular pressure, diseases of cardiovascular system at advanced age.

It is not necessary to apply in operating time to drivers of vehicles and people whose profession is connected with the increased concentration of attention. During treatment it is necessary to avoid the use of alcoholic beverages.

Side effects:

From a nervous system and sense bodys: the general weakness, fatigue, sedative action, decrease in attention, dizziness, drowsiness, a headache, an incoordination of movements, concern, a hyperexcitability (especially at children), irritability, nervousness, sleeplessness, euphoria, confusion of consciousness, a tremor, neuritis, spasms, paresthesia; vision disorder, diplopia, acute labyrinthitis, sonitus. At patients with local injuries of a brain or epilepsy activates (even in low doses) convulsive categories on EEG and can provoke an epileptic attack.

From cardiovascular system and blood: hypotension, heartbeat, tachycardia, premature ventricular contraction, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolitic anemia.

From bodies of a GIT: dryness in a mouth, short-term numbness of a mucous membrane of an oral cavity, anorexia, nausea, an epigastric distress, vomiting, diarrhea, a lock.

From urinogenital system: the frequent and/or complicated urination, a mocheotdeleniye delay, early periods.

From respiratory system: dryness of a nose and throat, a nose congestion, a condensation of a secret of bronchial tubes, constraint in a thorax and the complicated breath.

Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria, acute anaphylaxis.

Others: perspiration, fever, photosensitization.

Interaction with other medicines:

Hypnotic drugs, sedatives, tranquilizers and alcohol strengthen (mutually) oppression of TsNS.

MAO inhibitors strengthen and prolong cholinolytic effects.

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity, feeding by a breast, children's age (the period of a neonatality and a condition of prematurity), closed-angle glaucoma, a prostatauxe, the stenosing stomach ulcer and a duodenum, piloroduodenalny obstruction, a bladder neck stenosis, pregnancy, bronchial asthma.

Overdose:

Symptoms: dryness in a mouth, the complicated breath, a resistant mydriasis, face reddening, oppression or excitement (is more often at children) TsNS, confusion of consciousness; children have a development of spasms and a lethal outcome.

Treatment: a symptomatic and maintenance therapy against the background of careful control of breath and the ABP level.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

Solution for injections of 10 mg/ml in ampoules on 1 ml in packagings No. 10.