Muscles of the lower extremities

Muscles of the lower extremities are located in the lower part of a trunk of the person and hips, shins and feet are divided into muscles of buttocks. Also all groups of muscles of the lower extremities are divided into two habit views – zone and free muscles.

Structure and arrangement of muscles of the lower extremities

Front, back and lateral groups of muscles treat muscles of a shin. The largest is the tricipital muscle consisting of sural and kambalovidny muscles which are combined by one sinew. The tricipital muscle of a shin, thanks to the muscles, creates the main elasticity and volume of calves.

The gastrocnemius muscle of a shin represents a back biceps which has symmetrically located heads. These heads are fixed over a femur and on the middle of a shin combine in one muscle fixed on a back surface of a calcaneus.

The soleus muscle represents a wide and flat muscle which is located over a gastrocnemius muscle. This muscle of the lower extremities fastens to a fibular bone, and its bottom connects to a gastrocnemius muscle Achilles a sinew.

Back and bottom muscles of the lower extremities belong to muscles of foot. The largest bottom muscle begins from a femoral condyle and the capsule of a knee joint, and comes to an end, connecting with Achilles a sinew. Back muscles are represented by razgibatel of fingers of foot.

The main functions of muscles of a shin and foot are:

• Giving of a support to legs;
• Bending in an ankle;
• Supination;
• Bending of a knee;
• Strengthening of provision of foot.

Thanks to a tricipital muscle, the person can hold a body in vertical position.

Muscles of a hip consist of a quadriceps which is subdivided on direct, medial, average and outside wide muscles.

The quadriceps is the strongest muscle which creates the front surface of a hip. All muscles of a quadriceps meet together and form one sinew.

The direct muscle of a quadriceps has four heads and begins from an ileal bone. This muscle is located on the front surface of a hip and has narrowing by the end.

The medial muscle of a quadriceps represents a wide and flat muscle of the lower extremities which begins from the line of a hip and passes into a patella ligament. The average wide muscle is the weakest and passes on the upper surface of a hip, being attached on an intermediate muscle. The outside muscle of a quadriceps is located on the outside surface of a hip and has the flat form.

The main functions of muscles of a hip are:

• Extension of a knee;
• Implementation of an inclination of a basin;
• Bending in a hip.

The biceps which consists of two heads attached to a sciatic hillock belongs to muscles of back group of a hip. The biceps comes to an end with a sinew and grows together with a head of a fibular bone.

The main functions of muscles of back group of a hip are:

• Bending of a shin in a knee;
• Extension of a hip;
• Fixation of a basin.

Big, average and small muscles belong to muscles of buttocks. The form to buttocks is given by a big gluteus which begins from the buttock surface of an ileal bone and a tailbone. The small and medium gluteuses located under a big muscle allow to raise legs aside and give to buttocks fit look.

The main functions of gluteuses of the lower extremities are:

• Movement of a hip joint;
• Assignment of legs aside;
• Straightening of a trunk.

Injuries of muscles of the lower extremities

The most widespread injuries of muscles of the lower extremities are stretchings, partial and complete separations.

The overload of muscles of the lower extremities is the main reason for stretching. The most serious injury is the rupture of an Achilles tendon which main method of treatment is surgical intervention. Symptoms of a gap are the acute pain, a muscle immovability, hypostasis, a leg swelling. Generally the rupture of an Achilles tendon happens because of strong blow, falling or a strong overload of a muscle.

Injuries of subnodal muscles occur at intensive power exercises, falling and sharp squats. The twisting movements which can lead to injuries of subnodal sheaves and sinews are also dangerous to these muscles.

At intensive exercises there can be stretching the four-head and two-headed muscles. Therefore it is necessary to warm before loadings muscles trainings and massage.

To reduce risk of developing of injuries of muscles of the lower extremities, it is necessary to strengthen gradually these muscles sports exercises in the sparing mode. Selection of exercises is carried out in an individual order by the professional coach. Carrying out exercises, it is necessary to roll up knees elastic medical roller which will allow to avoid stretchings and ruptures of muscles.