Acute glomerulonephritis

Short characteristic of a disease

The acute glomerulonephritis is the infectious and allergic disease of kidneys having cyclic character and developing within 2-3 weeks after any infectious disease transferred the person (most often after a streptococcal etiology). The glomerulonephritis at children and adults strikes renal fabric, leads to sharp reduction of their working capacity and development of a renal failure. At the moment the acute glomerulonephritis is considered one of the most frequent diseases of kidneys. It can develop at any age, but persons up to 40 years in most cases get sick.

Acute glomerulonephritis at children and adults – disease symptoms

• general weakness, slackness, small appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache;
• increase in the amount of baking, hypertensia;
• hypostasis of extremities;
• various forms of an uric syndrome (oliurgiya, hamaturia, proteinuria);
• pains in a waist and a stomach;
• syndrome of a renal failure.

Glomerulonephritis forms

The acute glomerulonephritis most often proves in a cyclic or latent form. The first begins quite violently: the person quickly has hypostases, a headache, short wind, unpleasant feelings in lumbar area, the amount of urine decreases and arterial pressure increases. The disease proceeds cyclically – after bad attacks of an indisposition short-term improvement of a condition of the patient follows that does not demonstrate total disappearance of symptoms at all. If diagnosis of a glomerulonephritis is carried out correctly, and to the patient adequate treatment is appointed, then hypostases quickly fall down, and arterial pressure returns to normal. Nevertheless, even after an absolute recovery at the person the small proteinuria can be observed.

The latent form meets less often cyclic, but much more more often flows in a chronic glomerulonephritis. Initial stages of a disease are characterized by gradual development of symptoms, without any pronounced attacks of an indisposition. Diagnosis of a glomerulonephritis of a latent form represents a certain complexity as the disease does not manage to be determined by external signs and therefore it is necessary to carry out systematic analyses of urine.

Acute glomerulonephritis at children – diagnosis of a disease

At a glomerulonephritis find erythrocytes and protein (from 1 to 15 g/l) in urine. The disease can be followed by a small proteinuria. An obligatory symptom of a disease is the hamaturia, but at early stages the oliurgiya is the most characteristic sign of infectious process (500-600 ml. wet in days). At blood test doctors reveal reduction of quantity of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, small increase in SOE is defined. For statement of the exact diagnosis to the patient carry out Reberg's test, appoint ultrasound examination of kidneys, excretory urography and a radio isotope renografiya.

Treatment of an acute glomerulonephritis

The patient is hospitalized in a hospital, register an obligatory bed rest and a rigid diet. It is necessary to limit sharply amount of table salt in food as this measure can in itself lead to the strengthened release of water and the subsequent elimination of hypertensive and edematous syndromes.

Further the diet of the patient includes oranges, potatoes, pumpkin and water-melons. These vegetables and fruit provide to the person good beznatriyevy nutrition. The amount of the used liquid needs to be reduced to 600 – 1000 ml. in days. It is possible to eat proteinaceous food, it is the best of all to give preference to cottage cheese and ovalbumin. Fats are resolved (no more than 70-80 g a day). In addition vitamins are entered into a diet of the patient.

If the acute glomerulonephritis is connected with the available infection, to the patient appoint performing antibacterial therapy. At initial stages it is desirable to refuse reception of steroid hormones (dexamethasone, Prednisonum) as during this period the general symptoms of a disease are very strongly expressed. A prolonged acute glomerulonephritis at children and adults, and also a latent form of a disease demand corticosteroid therapy which makes combined effect, reducing effects of edematous and uric syndromes. It is necessary to refuse corticosteroid drugs at moderate arterial hypertension as it is not the indication to performing intensive antibacterial care.

Because the acute glomerulonephritis has pronounced symptoms, doctors can quickly make the exact diagnosis and to appoint adequate treatment. Forecasts, as a rule, favorable, except for especially strong complications caused by specific features of an organism of the patient.