Gangrene
Gangrene (gangraena; Greek gangraina from grao – to gnaw, eat) – one of types of a necrosis which is characterized by a mummifying (drying) or necrosis of fabric, or its ichorization.
Types of gangrene:
- Wet – with ichorization of devitalized fabrics; differs in small tendency to an otgranicheniye and the general intoxication;
- Dekubitalny (synonym: decubitus) – is characterized by a necrosis of soft tissues (a mucous membrane, skin with hypodermic cellulose, walls of a blood vessel or hollow body and others); develops owing to the ischemia caused by the continuous long mechanical pressure upon fabrics;
- Diabetic – the wet gangrene arising against the background of a heavy diabetes mellitus because of deep disturbances of acid-base equilibrium and carbohydrate metabolism;
- Infectious – caused by death of fabrics under the influence of microbic toxins, for example, at a malignant anthrax, a mephitic gangrene etc.;
- Skin allergic – the skin gangrene developing as a symptom of an allergic vasculitis;
- Skin bismuthic (synonym: an eshara bismuthic) – the skin gangrene caused by thrombosis of vessels in an injection site of an oil suspension of salts of bismuth;
- Skin dermatomikotichesky – skin gangrene, at some dermatomycoses in a severe form (an acromycosis, a zymonematosis, a sporotrichosis);
- Skin toxic – skin gangrene at poisonings with phosphorus, lead, Ergotinum and some other poisons of a systemic effect;
- Neurotrophic – is caused by gross violations of a trophic innervation, for example, at a break of a spinal cord;
- Senile (synonym: gangrene marantic) – caused by the general and local atherosclerotic disturbances of blood circulation and a nervous trophicity arising at senile age;
- Dry – with the bystry drying of devitalized fabrics interfering reproduction of microbes differs in tendency to an otgranicheniye and weakness of displays of intoxication;
- Thermal – at burns or freezing injuries of III and IV degrees;
- Traumatic – at the extensive crush of fabrics caused by a mechanical injury;
- Circulator – arises at frustration of peripheric circulation;
- Circulator venous (synonym: a phlegmasia) – the wet gangrene caused by lack of venous outflow at preservation of arterial blood supply, for example, at fibrinferment of the main vein;
- Circulator ischemic – develops at insufficiency of arterial blood supply;
- Chemical – is caused by local influence of caustic alkalis, strong acids and some other chemicals.
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