Bruise

Bruise this closed damage of soft tissues. Probably there is no person who would not be influenced by this type of injuries. In most cases bruises of treatment do not demand, and heal independently. As a rule, at a bruise there is no disturbance of integrity of fabrics, except a rupture of small vessels (capillaries). But the bruise can sometimes cause considerable damages, for example, a head bruise. Besides, the bruise can accompany other wounds, such as a change. In this case speak about the hurt wounds.

Bruise symptoms

Bruise symptoms are known to all - it is sharp pain in the direct place of damage, swelling and reddening. In case of a weak bruise pain abates in a few minutes, and on site reddenings there is a hematoma which in the people is called bruise. The hematoma arises owing to the hemorrhage which resulted from a rupture of small capillaries. Hematoma size not always depends at most a bruise. Permeability of capillaries, and also the place where there was a bruise matters. People with a hyperpermeability of capillaries have a minor injury or even the careless touch can cause a considerable hematoma while the severe bruise can not prove an outside hematoma while internal bleeding will be quite considerable.

Pain after a severe bruise a symptom more resistant. The nature of pain changes eventually, from sharp in the beginning, at influence of the injuring factor, to aching afterwards. Pain remaining after a bruise a long time is an adverse symptom and an occasion to ask for medical care as can confirm damage of internal structures (a fracture, a bruise with hemorrhage of internal body, a rupture of a sheaf, concussion, etc.). Most often the remote pain after a bruise is connected with formation of the hematoma squeezing nerve terminations, especially at touches or the movements by the damaged part of a body.

Symptom of a bruise of a joint is its considerable swelling. A head bruise symptom – a severe headache. It is necessary to know that if at a bruise of the head there was a loss of consciousness even if short-term, or the victim cannot remember the injury moment, it is a symptom of concussion. In this case medical intervention, at least diagnosis regarding existence of an intracranial hematoma is necessary.

If there was a bruise of a thorax, abdominal cavity or stomach, symptoms of a bruise can be quite terrible. Such symptoms of an internal injury as emergence of blood in urine, weakening of breath, increase of pain, consciousness opacification, the word the bruise symptoms all accruing, but not decreasing, have to be an occasion of the immediate request for medical care.

Bruise effects

In most cases, weak and even severe bruises pass without effects, or bruise effects completely disappear within two-three weeks. However there are situations when effects of a bruise can be quite serious. First of all, it concerns already mentioned head bruises. The matter is that the cranium is the closed space, and that hematoma which in any other place of a body would resolve over time, without having caused considerable disturbance, in a skull leads to squeezing of the vital structures of a brain. In this case neurologic disturbances of varying severity and localization, the severe headache accompanied with nausea and vomiting, and even a lethal outcome can be an effect of a bruise.

One of bruise effects, though, calcification of a hematoma can be quite rare. In this case in soft tissues there is a consolidation which at the movement can be the cause of quite considerable morbidity. In certain cases the remote effect of a bruise of soft tissues of a mammary gland women or a small egg at men can have a development of a malignant tumor of these bodies.

Serious effect of a bruise is disturbance of integrity of a large vessel. In this case perhaps considerable hemorrhage and even internal bleeding, is possible formation of blood clot with the subsequent heavy complication – a thromboembolism when the blood clot with the movement of blood gets a vessel of smaller diameter and blocks it. The thromboembolism can lead to a heart attack, a stroke, a necrosis of internal body, and a lethal outcome.

Also considerable danger is constituted by effects of bruises of internals, for example, a heart bruise, a bruise of kidneys, a liver, spleens. In this case their various damages, disturbances of their functions bearing danger to life are possible.

Considering all above, you should not underestimate bruises, especially serious.

The help at bruises

All know how to give help at bruises, but not all know how to give help at bruises it is correct. First aid at a bruise consists in examining the damaged place if it is an extremity, then to check its functions (bending extension, other movements). If there are only bruise symptoms, and no more serious damage, it is necessary to put cold to the injured site. It causes a vasospasm of a microcirculator bed and promotes a stop of an internal hemorrhage.

It is better not to use the anesthetizing drugs not to pass an aggravation of symptoms, in case of the joined complications. However if there is a confidence that the bruise did not injure internals, it is possible to give the anesthetizing drug, except for aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). Aspirin does not need to be applied to treatment of bruises as it promotes strengthening of bleeding.

If there was a severe bruise of the head to a loss of consciousness, a severe bruise of a waist, stomach or thorax, in addition to applying of a cold compress, injured it is necessary to lay and call the ambulance, or to bring by own efforts to emergency station, trying to immobilize whenever possible hurt place and to observe rest.

It is necessary to remember that cold is effective only within the first thirty minutes. Then it is necessary the help at a bruise consists in providing rest to the hurt place. Two days later after a bruise soft heat on the damaged area is required. Applying of a warm compress during this period provides inflow of blood to the place of a bruise that accelerates rassasyvany hematomas without risk of resuming of bleeding.

Treatment of bruises

Treatment of bruises is required when there was a bruise of significant force. Bruises of the head, a stomach, waist and thorax demand hospitalization in surgical department where after carrying out the corresponding diagnosis the decision on further treatment of a bruise is made. In hard cases surgical treatment of a bruise is carried out. Access to the damaged place is provided either an endoscopic way, or open, ruptures of large vessels, ruptures of parenchymatous bodies are taken in, the streamed blood is removed. Then the wound is drained. Also anesthetics are in parallel appointed antiinflammatory.

Treatment of a bruise in a stage of regeneration consists in use of means of physical therapy for the purpose of acceleration of a rassasyvaniye of a hematoma and the fastest recovery of the damaged fabrics.