Hypophosphatemia

Description:

The hypophosphatemia — reduction of concentration of phosphates in blood serum is lower than norm (less than 0,8 mmol/l, or 2,5 mg of %).

Hypophosphatemia symptoms:

The majority of manifestations of a hypophosphatemia deficit of ATP and creatine phosphate in cells in connection with decrease is the cornerstone of the level of inorganic phosphate in them. The last is necessary for phosphorylation of adeninenucleotides and creatine. Manifestations of a hypophosphatemia are given in the drawing.
• Frustration of VND. They are characterized by block, bystry fatigue when performing intellectual work, a loss of consciousness.
• A hypomyotonia and a hypokinesia, sometimes — respiratory insufficiency as a result of the hypoventilation caused by weakness of respiratory muscles.
• Heart failure.

The above-named frustration are generally a consequence of disturbance of power providing cells.
• Osteoporosis — dystrophic changes in a bone tissue with reduction of its density. Is result of demineralization of bones in connection with deficit of calcium salts in them and phosphorus.
• Osteomalacy — a softening and deformation (curvature) of bones. Develops owing to deficit of compounds of calcium in them and phosphoric acid.
• Fosfaturiya (more than 100 mg/l).

Hypophosphatemia reasons:

• Insufficient intake of phosphates with food. It is observed at food uniform, poor in phosphates, and also at long starvation.
• Excessive removal of phosphates from an organism kidneys as a result:
- Hyper parathyroidism.
- Primary defects of renal tubules. It is noted at poisoning with salts of heavy metals and a cystinosis.
- Specific defect of transmembrane transfer of phosphates at vitamin to a D-resistant form of rickets.

All specified options of a hyperphosphaturia are result of braking of process of a reabsorption of phosphates in proximal department of nephron.
• Excess loss of phosphates through a GIT. It is observed at overdose of antacids — the HP of alkaline character reducing acidity of a stomach (for example, hydrosodium carbonate, a magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, an aluminum hydroxide). The specified substances connect the phosphates which are in a stomach and intestines and bring them with a stake.
• Redistribution of phosphates from blood and intercellular liquid in cells at:
- Glycolysis activation. In these conditions in a cell education of fosforilirovanny carbohydrate groups increases. It leads to decrease in a cellular pool of organic phosphate, diffusion of the last of intercellular liquid and blood with development of a hypophosphatemia.
- An alkalosis which is characterized by increase рН that stimulates glycolysis and consumption with a cell of phosphates.

Treatment of the Hypophosphatemia:

• Treatment of a basic disease.
Correction of a hyper parathyroidism; defects of process of a reabsorption of phosphates in tubules of kidneys; the states which are followed by activation of glycolysis or development of an alkalosis provides decrease in degree of a hypophosphatemia or normalization of level of phosphates in blood.

• Introduction to an organism of drugs of phosphate (to 1500 — 2000 mg/days) under control of content of phosphates in blood serum.
It is necessary to observe precaution at an injection of phosphates in / century their Bystry introduction and in high concentration is followed by formation of calcium phosphate. The acute hypocalcemia developing as a result of it can lead to a collapse, heart failure, shock, an acute renal failure.