Cardioplegia
Description:
Cardioplegia (cardioplegia; kardio-+ Greek plege blow, defeat) — a package of measures, directed to protection of a myocardium during the main stage of cardiac intervention, including a cardiac standstill (asystolia), blood, or pharmakokholodovy protection of a myocardium. The cardioplegia is applied at heart operations with use of cardiopulmonary bypasses.
Types of a cardioplegia:
There are several types of a cardioplegia:
The ischemic cardioplegia — is carried out the termination of a coronary blood-groove. The amendment - a cardioplegia in a true word meaning is not - heart is not protected from harmful action of ischemia at all - the major factor leading to deplorable effects.
The chemical cardioplegia — is carried out by introduction to coronal arteries of heart of pharmacological drugs (potassium citrate, potassium chloride, acetylcholine, etc.) by means of cardioplegic cannulas.
The cold ischemic cardioplegia — is carried out by irrigation of heart by the cooled normal saline solution, reducing thereby the damaging effect of a hypoxia
The scheme of system for a blood cardioplegia with use of the double roller pump
Carrying out cardioplegia:
Currently a true cardioplegia is only cold. The hypothermia provides a considerable gain of the period of ischemia of a myocardium without considerable effects. Other option - in case of a long cardiac standstill - carrying out a cardioplegia of unmodified blood is possible. A shortcoming - at low temperatures - deterioration in microcirculation. However, this technique allows to carry out perfusion of a myocardium to 180 minutes without the expressed necrobiotic changes in a myocardium.
