Hematologist

The hematologist – the doctor advising concerning diseases of the hemopoietic bodies and blood, who is engaged in research or treatment-and-prophylactic activity.

Questions according to sections of medicine concerning functions and a structure of systems of blood (directly blood, bodies of a hemopoiesis and kroverazrusheniye), the reasons of development of diseases of circulatory system enter competence of the hematologist. Also the hematologist is engaged in development of methods of recognition of these diseases, finds ways of their treatment and prevention.

Concerning what diseases it is necessary to address for consultation the hematologist?

1. Iron deficiency anemias

Anemias are the most widespread diseases of system of a hemopoiesis. If in indicators of blood the quantity of erythrocytes and hemoglobin is reduced, it is worth speaking about anemia. The diseases having various etiology, but preferential enter a concept of anemia all of them are connected with shortage of iron.

On reception the hematologist will tell that at creation of hemoglobin in the ripening marrow erythrocytes exchange of iron has crucial importance. Iron is in muscles, and also is a part of respiratory cellular enzymes. In case of shortage of iron many exchange processes in an organism begin to work with disturbances. In particular the hematologist children's as this disease preferential occurs at children under two years is engaged in an iron deficiency anemia more often.

2. Hemolitic anemias

Hemolitic anemias are diseases, the second for frequency, in which, according to reviews, the hematologist is engaged.

At hemolitic anemias marrow develops enough erythrocytes, but owing to various circumstances they have short life expectancy and are subject to bystry destruction.

On consultation the hematologist will tell that, most often, the inborn or hereditary factor, about its types, in particular about recessive anemia or dominant is the reasons of hemolitic anemia, that recessive anemia usually has much heavier current and serious effects. According to responses of hematologists, the most widespread type of hereditary hemolitic anemia is Minkowski-Shoffara's disease inherited on dominant type.

3. Hypoplastic anemias

Hypoplastic anemias are directly connected with the beginning of process of destruction of marrow and disturbance of process of a hemopoiesis. In general, the name of a disease not fully opens its essence as in this case it is not only about anemia, but also about defeat of all bodies of a hemopoiesis including those which develop thrombocytes and leukocytes.

According to hematologists, hypoplastic anemias happen acquired or inborn. The most common inborn form of a disease is Fankoni's anemia. Its feature is that hematologic disturbances happen in combination with other inborn malformations, is preferential from bone system.

4. Aplastic anemias

Aplastic anemias represent special group of diseases which reason to establish happens very difficult. The disease is connected with damage of a parent stem cell of marrow from which, actually, and there is a hemopoiesis in various directions. The disease begins sharply, the condition of the patient sharply worsens, appears strong pallor, bruises and bleedings. At this disease urgent consultation of the hematologist and performing immediate treatment is necessary, otherwise the disease has the adverse forecast.

When it is necessary to get on reception to the hematologist?

At blood diseases patients often feel a febricula, deterioration in appetite, weakness, bystry fatigue. Often similar complaints are symptoms of the serious illness connected with disturbance of work of marrow and system of a hemopoiesis. Therefore in the presence of similar complaints at children parents have to address the children's hematologist urgently. Especially parents should prick up the ears with pallor of skin at the child, sometimes with an icteric shade, at emergence of nasal or other bleedings, shadows under the eyes.

On reception to the hematologist it is necessary to get if the child complains of ostealgias, a backbone and joints, and also of abdominal pains and headaches.

If the child often has blood a nose, the increased drowsiness and weakness, a carelessness, irritability, a hyporexia, then it is necessary to address the local pediatrician who will direct the patient to the general blood test and by results of the analysis consultation of the hematologist can be necessary.

If at the child lymph nodes are increased, then it is necessary to address the local pediatrician, and also to undergo consultations of the surgeon, the phthisiatrician, to make the general blood test, to make ultrasonography of abdominal organs and X-ray of bodies of a thorax. By results of a research the pediatrician can direct the patient to the children's hematologist.

It is important to know that you should not begin to accept independently iron preparations at all, and compensation of iron by means of foodstuff is impossible.

According to reviews most often address hematologists concerning the increased lymph nodes. Lymph nodes in an organism perform protective functions and interfere with spread of diseases on an organism that is often shown in their increase and the increased morbidity. Especially it is noticeable at children of preschool age. At children of advanced age and adults suppression of a disease takes place in lymph nodes in general asymptomatically more often.

Diagnosis of anemia

To diagnose anemia, the hematologist will direct the patient to delivery of the following analyses:

• The general blood test with reticulocytes;
• Ferritin;
• Transferrin saturation percent;
• Iron-binding ability.

Today the hematologist also successfully uses the following diagnostic methods of anemia:

• Computer tomography;
• Ultrasonic diagnosis;
• Nuclear magnetic resonance.

All these modern methods of a research allow the hematologist to reveal structure and the sizes of bodies, tumoral formations, various disturbances of bone system.