Foot-and-mouth disease

General information about a disease

The foot-and-mouth disease is the infection affecting cattle, goats, pigs, camels, yaks, deer. This viral disease most often meets in the countries which population goes in preferential for agriculture.

Cases when with a foot-and-mouth disease also other domestic animals got sick are known: cats, dogs, horses, boars, even some bird species (gadflies, for example) and rodents (rats, gophers, mice). The causative agent of a foot-and-mouth disease at the infected animals is allocated together with milk, urine, a stake, a dung, saliva, and transfer of a disease at them happens in direct contact in places of their contents, on a pasture or a watering place.

The person can catch a foot-and-mouth disease only from animals, contacting to them and using the infected dairy products in the raw. At pasteurization and boiling of milk (the main methods of prevention of a foot-and-mouth disease) the causative agent of a foot-and-mouth disease perishes. Statistics of infection with this infection of the person approximately such: 65% of cases of infection with a foot-and-mouth disease as a result of the use of raw milk, 1% - the uses of other dairy products: curdled milks, kefir, butter, the serums produced from raw milk, and, at last, in 34% infection with a foot-and-mouth disease virus at the person resulted from contact with sick animals. In the latter case as carriers of a disease laying, drinking bowls, a stern, water, manure, even clothes of workers of a farm can serve. It is established also that hair of the infected animal is infectious at least a month more.

Cow's, goat, camel milk are infectious even before emergence of external symptoms of a foot-and-mouth disease (ulcers on mucous), and remain those for 12 more days. For the same time the quarantine during which especially much attention is paid to prevention of a foot-and-mouth disease is established.

The foot-and-mouth disease virus at the person parasitizes on mucous a nose, a mouth, at nails and between fingers.

Clinical picture and symptoms of a foot-and-mouth disease

The foot-and-mouth disease at the person is implemented in mucous a mouth and (or) upper respiratory tracts. In these parts there are bubbles which collapse on the expiration of an incubation interval (from three to eight days) owing to what the virus of a foot-and-mouth disease gets already to blood. At this stage secondary rashes on mucous lips, a nose, a pharynx, a mouth, cheeks, language are formed.

Afterwards there comes the septic stage of a foot-and-mouth disease which is characterized by the increased temperature (to 40 °) and emergence of bubbles on an integument (between fingers of hands and about nails). From blood vessels the virus of a foot-and-mouth disease gets into internals and is allocated with a stake, urine, saliva, bile.

The general condition of the patient with a foot-and-mouth disease in an onset of the illness heavy – the increased temperature, weakness, a fever, the lowered pressure, hurts the head and pulse becomes frequent. All this occurs in the first two days of a disease, and most brightly and foot-and-mouth disease symptoms in the first days are painfully expressed: at the person are painful mucous a nose, language, a mouth, he can feel burning in a mouth, feel muscular and lumbar pains. Also plentiful salivation is observed, swell and redden mucous cheeks, language, lips, handles and a soft palate. Also cases when they at the patient among usual symptoms of a foot-and-mouth disease were observed also an easy gastric disturbance, gripes at an urination are known.

At an initial stage of a disease on mucous a mouth, a nose, a pharynx, cheeks, language of the patient with a foot-and-mouth disease there are rashes and keep on average week after which, in one-two days on site of bubbles the small wounds which are gradually merging in one center of defeat are formed. Especially often ulcers develop in the patient's language owing to what it is difficult for it to swallow and talk. Napukhat also lips, they also become covered by wounds and crusts.

After there were such symptoms of a foot-and-mouth disease as secondary rashes (on skin of hands and about nails) passes from three to five days, and temperature of the patient begins to go down, reaches norm, and he begins to recover. The recovery period usually lasts no more than 15 days. After the postponed foot-and-mouth disease at the person immunity to this disease is developed.

Treatment of a foot-and-mouth disease

The patient with a foot-and-mouth disease is hospitalized surely not less than for two weeks. The bed rest at initial acute disease is especially important. To the patient with a foot-and-mouth disease, the sparing diet with plentiful drink and feeding several times a day semi-fluid or liquid food which is easily acquired is appointed in the small portions. Also feeding cases via the probe are frequent. Before food the patient with a foot-and-mouth disease is given anaesthesin (0,1g).

Treatment of a foot-and-mouth disease is carried out by means of antiviral drugs which appoint from the very first days diseases. These are local washings of 1% permanganate potassium, peroxide of hydrogen or solution of Rivanolum, and overlaying of ointments, for example, oxolinic, florenalevy, tebrofenovy, riodoksolevy, interferon.

Aerosols of Livian, "Vinisolum", "Panthenol" can be applied to more intensive healing of ulcers radiation by ultraviolet.

At especially heavy course of a foot-and-mouth disease at the person, appoint anesthetics, antihistaminic, cardiovascular drugs, vitamins, hold disintoxication events.

Special attention throughout all treatment of a foot-and-mouth disease is paid to hygiene of an oral cavity of the patient.

Prevention of a foot-and-mouth disease

Prevention of a foot-and-mouth disease consists in rigid observance of sanitary measures and measures of personal security at care of the infected animals. Surely it is necessary to boil, pasteurize the milk brought from areas unsuccessful, subject to epidemic of a foot-and-mouth disease. It is impossible to use in the raw the milk, dairy products, meat from the unknown, unchecked producer bought in the spontaneous markets.

As many doctors consider, there is no best prevention of a foot-and-mouth disease, than education of workers of agriculture and the population, publication of statistics on a disease of a foot-and-mouth disease owing to disturbance of a quarantine and elementary health regulations.