Pulsoksimetriya

Description:

Pulsoksimetriya – a noninvasive method of measurement of percentage of oxyhemoglobin in an arterial blood (saturation). Measurement of light absorption of a certain wavelength blood hemoglobin is the cornerstone of a method of a pulsoksimetriya. Extent of absorption depends on percentage of oxyhemoglobin. Ability of a pulsoksimetr to establish extent of oxygenation of blood is based on it. Pulsoksimetr also fixes changes of "thickness" of blood in connection with a pulsation of arterioles: each pulse wave increases amount of blood in arteries and arterioles. Thus пульсоксиметр measures pulse rate and amplitude of pulse wave.
Computer pulsoksimetriya – a method of long monitoring of percentage of oxyhemoglobin in an arterial blood (saturation) and pulse. The computer oksimetra providing registration of a signal with discretization of times in several seconds are applied to monitoring of a saturation. In a night оксиметр about 15000 times register a saturation and keeps the obtained data in memory of the device. Further computer data processing allows to estimate with high precision saturation parameters in the period of a night dream.

Indications to a pulsoksimetriya:

Carrying out a computer pulsoksimetriya in a dream is shown at patients with diseases at which prevalence of disturbances of breath in a dream can reach 30-50%:

Obesity 2 degrees above (body weight index> 35)
Arterial hypertension 2 degrees above (especially night and morning)
HOBL of a heavy current (OFV1 <50%)
Heart failure 2 degrees above
Respiratory insufficiency 2 degrees above
Pulmonary heart
Metabolic syndrome
Pikviksky syndrome
Hypothyroidism (depression of function of a thyroid gland).

Inspection is also shown at patients with the symptoms characteristic of SOAS, STsAS and a chronic night anoxemia:

Snore and apnoeas in a dream with the subsequent vskhrapyvaniye
The speeded-up night urination (> 2 times in a night)
The complicated breath, asthma or attacks of suffocation at night
Night perspiration
Frequent awakenings and not grateful sleep
Weakness in the mornings
Morning headaches
Cyanosis
The expressed day drowsiness
Depression, apathy, irritability, reduced background of mood
Gastroezofagalny reflux (eructation) at night.

The computer pulsoksimetriya can be applied to dynamic control of efficiency of methods of respiratory support:

Long oxygen therapy using oxygen concentrators
Noninvasive assisted ventilation of lungs constant positive pressure (CPAP therapy) and two-level positive pressure (BiLevel-therapy)

Principle of action of a pulsoksimetr:

Sources of radiation in the pulsoksimetrichesky sensor are two built-in light-emitting diodes. Light radiated by them gets through soft tissues and is accepted by a photodetector from which the result of measurement is transferred to the computing block (microprocessor).

The principle of work of a pulsoksimetr is based on the analysis of absorption of red and infrared radiation by blood hemoglobin. At the hemoglobin, connected and untied with oxygen, light absorption spectrums different. Pulsoksimetr "illuminates" soft tissues of a finger and catches a difference in light absorption.

Pulsoksimetr, as a rule, includes the computing (computer) block and the specialized sensor which is fixed on a lobe of an ear of the patient or on a finger.

At dysfunction of lungs they do not manage to take enough oxygen from air, and the saturation falls. If the disease develops gradually, within months and years, the person can not notice decrease in a saturation to 92-95%. However already at this stage portability of an exercise stress worsens. At decrease in a saturation to 89-92% it is necessary to think of need of an oxygen therapy and/or noninvasive ventilation of the lungs.