Nanocephalia

Микроцефалия у детей

Nanocephalia - the serious illness which is found no more once on 10000 childbirth. At an inborn nanocephalia children have a formation of a skull of the small size accompanying with a brain underdevelopment, mental retardation, various mental and neurologic deviations.

At a brain at a nanocephalia there are symptoms of heavy malformations: agenesias of a corpus collosum, macro - and microgyrias, a heterotopy, a lisentsefaliya. Convolutions of the brain have the flattened appearance, tertiary furrows completely are absent. In most cases remain insufficiently developed with patients with a nanocephalia: trunk of a brain, myelencephalon pyramid, visual hillock, cerebellum, temporal and frontal lobes.

Patients with a nanocephalia have characteristic outward with a disproportional ratio between the normal size of a body and a small underdeveloped skull. Among the reasons causing an oligophrenia, the considerable percent belongs to a brain nanocephalia.

Types of a nanocephalia

The nanocephalia is subdivided on primary and secondary.

Primary nanocephalia represents the genetic defect of development created at an early stage of pregnancy. This look is, as a rule, combined with other worst anomalies of development of a brain – a corpus collosum agenesia, an agiriya and other pathologies.

The secondary nanocephalia at a fruit arises on later durations of gestation and forms against the background of a hypoxia, intoxications, a mechanical injury or the postponed pre-natal infection (tsitomegalovirsny encephalitis, a rubella, a toxoplasmosis). At a nanocephalia of secondary type in brain fabric calcifications, cystous cavities, the centers of hemorrhages quite often form.

Nanocephalia reasons

The list of harmful factors which negative impact potentially could cause pre-natal developing of a nanocephalia at future newborn can be as much as necessary long.

Impact of radiation on an organism of future mother, reception of medicines is among the possible pathogenic reasons of a nanocephalia during pregnancy, an oligoamnios at pregnancy, the postponed infectious diseases, genetic deviations etc.

As a rule, in most cases parents of the sick child with the diagnosis extremely seldom manage to establish a nanocephalia the specific reason of emergence of this pathology of pre-natal development in their kid.

Nanocephalia symptoms

Микроцефалия мозга The clinical picture of a nanocephalia looks as follows:

- disproportionally developed front and a neurocranium;

- the acting superciliary arches;

- sloping narrow forehead;

- the bulged ears;

- the fontanel grows in the first month of life, or is closed by the time of the birth;

- hypotonia of muscles;

- lack of coordination of movements;

- emotional limitation;

- signs of an oligophrenia, mental retardation.

Treatment of a nanocephalia

Unfortunately, modern treatment of a nanocephalia consists in the basic in symptomatic support of the patient by means of medicamentous drugs, and also in the complex rehabilitation actions directed to the maximum adaptation and socialization of the child.

As medicinal therapy for treatment of a nanocephalia the drugs improving exchange processes in brain fabric – nootropil (piracetam), Cerebrolysinum, Pyriditolum, Encephabolum, vitamin complexes etc. are used.

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