Right ventricle

Right ventricle – the camera of heart of the person in which the small circle of blood circulation begins. In total cameras in heart four. A venous blood comes to a right ventricle from the right auricle at the time of a diastole via the three-leaved valve and is pumped over at the time of a systole via the pulmonary valve in a pulmonary trunk.

Structure of a right ventricle

The right ventricle is limited from left by back and front interventricular furrows on the surface of heart. It is separated from the right auricle by means of a coronal furrow. The outer edge of a ventricle has the pointed form and is called the right edge. In a form the ventricle reminds the wrong trihedral pyramid, with the basis directed up and to the right, and top – to the left and down.

The back wall of a ventricle has the flat form, and a lobby – convex. The internal left wall is an interventricular partition, it has the convex form (it is convex towards a right ventricle).

If to look at a right ventricle in a section at the level of a heart top, it is similar to the crack extended in the perednezadny direction. And if to look on border of an average and upper third of heart – that he reminds a form of a triangle which basis the partition between ventricles pressing in a cavity of right forms.

In a cavity of a ventricle there are two departments: back wide and front narrower. The front department is called an arterial cone, it has an opening by means of which connects to a pulmonary trunk. The back department is reported with the right auricle by means of the right atrioventricular opening.

On an internal surface of back department is available many moderator bands forming dense network.

On a circle of an atrioventricular opening the right atrioventricular valve which does not set in motion to the return blood flow from a ventricle to the area of the right auricle fastens.

The valve is formed by three triangular shutters: front, back and septal. All shutters act as free edges in a ventricle cavity.

The septal shutter is located closer to a partition of ventricles and fastens to a medial part of an atrioventricular opening. The front shutter fastens to a front part of a medial opening, it is turned towards an arterial cone. The back shutter is attached to a posteroexternal part of a medial opening. Often between back and septal shutters it is possible to see a small additional tooth.

The opening of a pulmonary trunk is located at the left and in front and conducts in a pulmonary trunk. At the edges of an opening it is possible to see three gates: front, left and right. Their free edges act in a pulmonary trunk and everything together they form the valve of a pulmonary trunk.

The diseases connected with a right ventricle

The following diseases of a right ventricle are most widespread:

• Stenosis of a pulmonary trunk;
• Hypertrophy of a right ventricle;
• Heart attack of a right ventricle;
• Blockade of a right ventricle.

Stenosis of a pulmonary trunk

The stenosis represents the isolated narrowing of a pulmonary artery. Narrowing of an exit in a pulmonary artery can be located at various levels:

• The subvalvular stenosis of a pulmonary artery is formed as a result of growth of fibrous and muscular tissue in infundibulyarny department of a ventricle.
• The stenosis of a fibrous ring is formed in the place of transition of a myocardium of a right ventricle to a pulmonary trunk.
• The isolated valve stenosis is the most often met heart pathology (about 9% of inborn heart diseases). At this defect the valve of a pulmonary artery represents a diaphragm with an opening, on diameter of equal from 2 to 10 mm. Division into shutters often is absent, commissures are maleficiated.

At a stenosis of a pulmonary trunk pressure in a right ventricle increases that increases load of it. As a result it leads to increase in a right ventricle.

Hypertrophy of a right ventricle

In fact, the hypertrophy of a right ventricle is not a disease, it is rather a syndrome which indicates increase in a myocardium and becomes the reason of a number of serious diseases.

Increase in a right ventricle is connected with growth of kardiomitotsit. As a rule, this state is pathology and is combined with other cardiovascular diseases.

Increase in a right ventricle meets quite seldom and is often diagnosed for patients with such diseases as pneumonia and chronic bronchitis, a pneumosclerosis and emphysema, a pneumosclerosis, bronchial asthma. As it was already written above, the stenosis or inborn heart disease can cause a hypertrophy of a right ventricle.

The mass of a right ventricle in a normality is approximately three times less than the mass of left. Dominance in healthy heart of electric activity of a left ventricle is connected with it. On this background it is much more difficult to reveal a hypertrophy of a right ventricle on the electrocardiogram.

Proceeding from extent of increase in a right ventricle, allocate the following types of a hypertrophy:

• Sharply expressed hypertrophy – when on weight a right ventricle exceeds left;
• The average hypertrophy – a left ventricle is more right, however in right the excitement processes connected with its increase are observed;
• Moderate hypertrophy – a left ventricle on weight much more right though right it is a little increased.

Heart attack of a right ventricle

Approximately at 30% of patients with the lower heart attack the right ventricle in a varying degree is surprised. The isolated heart attack of a right ventricle arises much less often. Often extensive heart attack leads to heavy right ventricular insufficiency at which Kussmaul's symptom, swelling of cervical veins, a hepatomegalia is observed. Arterial hypotonia is possible. In the first days raising of a segment of ST in additional chest assignments is often observed.

Extent of defeat of a right ventricle can be revealed by means of an ekhokardiogramma.

Blockade of a right ventricle

Blockade of a right ventricle occurs approximately at 0,6-0,4% of healthy people. The forecast of this disease depends on heart diseases. For example, at the isolated blockade the forecast quite favorable as there is no tendency to development of coronary heart disease.

Blockade of a right ventricle can develop as a result of an embolism of a pulmonary artery or a front heart attack. If blockade results from a heart attack, the negative outlook as in the first months often there comes heart failure and sudden death.

The blockade resulting from an embolism of a pulmonary artery usually tranzitorny is also observed preferential at patients with a disease of a pulmonary artery in a severe form.