Ovarian cancer

General characteristic of a disease

Ovarian cancer – a widespread and aggressive oncological disease. It surely takes the 5th place in number of cases of oncology of various bodies among women. Most often the epithelial form of ovarian cancer meets. Much less often malignant pathology develops in body from so-called sex cells.

Ovarian cancer is seldom diagnosed for women more young than 40 years. There is an interrelation between manifestation of symptoms of ovarian cancer and disturbances of a hormonal background. Not giving birth women, and also patients with 5 and more pregnancies belong to risk group. The increased risk to develop ovarian cancer women with oncology of ovaries or breasts in the family anamnesis have. At the same time 5 years' continuous reception of contraceptive pills allows to reduce probability of development of ovarian cancer almost by 50%.

Ovarian cancer symptoms

Early beginning of ovarian cancer, as a rule, asymptomatic. Later, at a stage of increase in a tumor and distribution of metastasises of cancer of ovary the woman has a pain in the bottom of a stomach, weakness. An additional symptom of ovarian cancer at this stage - loss of weight. At the same time the sizes of a stomach of the patient continuously increase. Initial increase in a stomach provokes growth of a tumor and its distribution to fatty belly tissue - an epiploon. At a late stage of ovarian cancer ascites – accumulation of liquid behind a peritoneum is a symptom of a disease and the reason of increase in the sizes of a stomach.

Ovarian cancer symptoms at an early stage often have not system character. The first symptoms of ovarian cancer quite often are accepted by the patient to manifestation of inflammatory process in ovaries – an adnexitis.

At distribution of metastasises of ovarian cancer or the tumor on intestines digestive disturbances, locks, tenesmus, intestinal impassability become symptoms of ovarian cancer. The ovarian cancer metastasises which extended to bones, a brain and other bodies and systems have even more extensive symptomatology: thinning of bones, changes, various neurologic frustration, etc.

Ovarian cancer stages

The stage of ovarian cancer depends on the size of a tumor, existence and localization of metastasises of ovarian cancer in an organism. Presurgical definition of a stage of ovarian cancer can be only preliminary. The exact diagnosis is established during intraoperative audit.

At the I stage of ovarian cancer symptoms of a disease are a tumor arrangement within one ovary. At IB ovary cancer stage the tumor extends also to the second pair body. At cancer of an ovary of a stage of IC the capsule of ovaries can be damaged.

 The following signs are characteristic of the II stage: ovarian cancer extended to fallopiyeva of a pipe or a uterus (IIA), to other bodies of a basin (IIB). At IIC ovarian cancer stage malignant cells are in belly liquid.

Ovary cancer metastasises out of a basin are characteristic of the III stage of a disease. They can be located in nearby and remote lymph nodes, and also in various bodies.

Diagnosis of ovarian cancer

Early diagnosis of a disease – guarantee of successful cancer therapy of ovaries. With primary complaints the patient addresses, as a rule, the gynecologist. After vulval survey on a chair, delivery of smears, blood tests to oncological markers and ultrasonic studying of bodies of a basin the woman goes to narrower to the specialist – an onkoginekolog.

In diferentsionny diagnosis of ovarian cancer it applies more exact technique of ultrasonography with use of chrezbryushny sensors. The standard of definition of extent of distribution of metastasises of cancer of intestines are the computer tomography, a X-ray analysis of lungs, and also gastro-and a kolonoskopiya. Cytologic or histologic confirmation like ovarian cancer is possible by method of a laparoscopy at which the intake of fabrics and liquid of a peritoneum is made at the patient under anesthetic through a small section on a stomach.

Cancer therapy of ovaries

Cancer therapy of ovaries, as a rule, combined. It consists of a radical oncotomy, beam radiation and chemotherapy. Postoperative himioluchevy procedures – the usual standard in cancer therapy of ovaries. They allow to reduce significantly probability of a recurrent tumor and development of metastasises of ovarian cancer.

At considerable distribution of metastasises of ovarian cancer or the big sizes of a tumor the oncologist can direct the patient to presurgical chemotherapy and beam radiation. Operation on an oncotomy in this case is appointed only after achievement of a tumor of the resectable sizes.

Radicalism of operation depends on an ovarian cancer stage. At the small sizes of a tumor and lack of metastasises of ovarian cancer low-invasive organ-preserving operation is possible. At late stages of ovarian cancer band operation with full removal of both ovaries, an epiploon and a uterus, and also all centers of innidiation is usually performed.

Post-operational control after cancer therapy of ovaries is carried out within 3-5 years with regular surveys at an onkoginekolog and testing of blood for SA-125 onko-markers.