Gall bladder

Gall bladder – the unpaired subsidiary body of the person accumulating bile and controlling its receipt in a digestive tract. It represents a muscular bag of the extended pear-shaped form and the hypochondrium under a liver is located in right. As a rule, the size of a gall bladder varies from 2 to 3 cm in width and from 7 to 10 cm in length, and its capacity makes 50 ml.

The gall bladder is not irreplaceable body and in case of its removal function of accumulation of bile passes to a duodenum.

Structure of a gall bladder

In a gall bladder distinguish three parts:

• The bottom which is the part seen in front;
• Body – the main venter which is located between a vesical channel and a bottom;
• Neck – the narrow part passing into the vesical canal 3-4 cm long through which there is the general bilious channel.

Bile from a bubble comes to a duodenum gleam that is, as a rule, connected with digestion process. The strengthened bile production arises at the use of greasy food.

Control of work of a gall bladder is exercised by the autonomic nervous system.

Being located near a liver, the gall bladder is tied with it by means of fine connecting fabric. Bystry distribution of any inflammatory processes happening in a bubble on a liver parenchyma is explained by it.

The wall of a gall bladder multilayer also includes:

• Muscular framework;
• Inside layer (epithelium);
• Enveloping layer (serous cover);
• Mucous membrane.

Blood supply of a gall bladder is provided:

• Arterial – the portal artery departing from the right hepatic artery;
• Venous drainage – a bilious vein.

Functions of a gall bladder

Treat the main functions of a gall bladder:

• Accumulation and storage of bile. The bubble stores the bile arriving from a liver, and also is capable to increase its concentration for storage of large volume in small space;
• Biliation which occurs as the response to receipt of food (nervous and hormonal factors) by means of muscular contractions of its wall.

Diseases and pathologies of a gall bladder

(For example, cholecystitis and a cholangitis) can lead the long stagnation of bile caused to development of many inflammatory diseases:

• Stones in a gall bladder;
• Helminths;
• Excess of a gall bladder.

The excess of a gall bladder which is formed, as a rule, on border of a body and a bottom of a bubble belongs to one of widespread pathologies, and often occurs at children of various age. In cases of an insignificant excess this pathology can not exert any impact on the movement of bile and overall health.

Obviously expressed or double excesses of a gall bladder can cause the stupid, aching, long pains against the background of heavy feeling in right hypochondrium which quite often are followed by nausea and feeling of bitterness in a mouth.

Cholelithiasis is one of the most widespread diseases of a gall bladder. The disease, as a rule, does not develop suddenly. Its development can proceed several years, at the same time are subject to it not only inclined to completeness and elderly people, but also rather young. The disease is usually diagnosed at ultrasonic and X-ray inspection.

Stones in a gall bladder are formed of salts of cholesterol, bile acids and bilirubin. Origins of stones are various. Treat the most frequent:

• Improper feeding;
• Slow-moving way of life;
• Obesity;
• Bystry weight loss;
• Starvation.

Such symptoms as bitterness in a mouth and weight in right hypochondrium after food at cholelithiasis are especially expressed after the use of marinated, salty and smoked products and greasy food.

Drug treatment usually long, and the drugs dissolving stones it is necessary to accept for several years. At the same time it is necessary to create conditions for prevention of development of new stones.

For prevention of formation of gallstones follows:

• To avoid the use of plentiful food with the high content of fats;
• To apply a low-calorie diet and to increase exercise stresses in the presence of excess body weight;
• To reduce intake of cholesterol in an organism;
• To avoid treatment by estrogen at detection of stones in a gall bladder.

Not all types of stones will respond to drug treatment and most efficiently treatments of cholelithiasis removal of a gall bladder is. At a laparoscopic cholecystectomia there is considerably smaller load of cardiovascular and respiratory system in comparison with other types of operations.

Removal of a gall bladder by method of a laparoscopic cholecystectomia usually takes place without complications at all forms of cholelithiasis. Contraindications to carrying out operation is big duration of gestation and a coagulopathy.

As a rule, after removal of a gall bladder it is possible to be returned to usual exercise stresses in five-seven days.

After the performed operation it is necessary to keep to the special diet allowing to reduce risk of formation of stagnation of bile. At a diet after removal of a gall bladder greasy food, alcohol, heavy, hot, tinned and fried dishes are categorically excluded. Ensuring sufficient level of salt and vitamin structure also is important.