Pseudobulbar syndrome
Contents:
Description:
Pseudobulbar syndrome — the neurologic syndrome caused by bilateral interruption of cortical and nuclear ways. In a clinical picture it is very similar to a bulbar syndrome (from where and the name), however arises owing to defeat of other structures of a brain and has a number of features.
Symptoms of the Pseudobulbar syndrome:
For a pseudobulbar syndrome the same triad of symptoms, as is characteristic of a bulbar syndrome — a dysarthtia, a dysphonia, a dysphagy. As well as at bulbar paralysis, disturbance of an innervation of muscles of a throat, a soft palate, language, and also phonatory bands is the reason of these manifestations.
At a pseudobulbar syndrome more uniform is noted, than at a bulbar syndrome, expressiveness of paresis of muscles which innervation is provided with cherepnomozgovy nerves of caudal (bulbar) group. Paresis has the central (spastic) character. At the same time the tone of muscles raises, and especially expressed is frustration of the differentiated autokinesias. The atrophy of muscles of lips and loss of pharyngeal and palatal reflexes which arches become isolated in a myelencephalon, is not noted. At the same time, at a pseudobulbar syndrome the reflex from a mandible usually raises and reflexes of oral automatism appear.
Existence of violent crying is characteristic of pseudobulbar paralysis, is more rare than laughter. Patients at the same time can cry or laugh at the slightest pretext. Involuntary crying at the patient with pseudobulbar paralysis can come at an oskalivaniye of teeth, when carrying out by a piece of paper on lips, etc.
Quite often pseudobulbar paralysis can be combined with symptoms of the central tetraparesis, owing to involvement in pathological process of pyramidal ways.
At pseudobulbar paralysis, unlike bulbar, frustration respiratory and cardiovascular systems as pathological process does not affect the vital centers are not observed, developing above a myelencephalon.
Reasons of the Pseudobulbar syndrome:
* the expressed atherosclerosis of vessels of a brain
* multiple sclerosis
* disease of a motor neuron
* tumors of upper parts of a trunk of a brain
* craniocereberal injury
* cerebral palsy
Treatment of the Pseudobulbar syndrome:
The pseudobulbar syndrome will not respond to treatment, however correction of its manifestations is possible. The physical therapy for the purpose of partial recovery of motive functions of the muscles innervated by the injured parts of the nervous system is applied to relief of symptoms at the people suffering from a pseudobulbar syndrome. For feeding at heavy disturbances of swallowing the probe brought to a stomach through a nose or a gastrostomy (the tube brought to a stomach through a front abdominal wall) are used. Antidepressants can be applied to elimination of emotional disturbances.
