Paralysis

Description:

Paralysis - loss or disturbance of movements in one or several parts of a body. Paralysis is a symptom of many organic diseases of a nervous system.

Paralysis symptoms:

Regulation of autokinesias is carried out by two groups of neurons: central (upper) and peripheral (lower). They differ both anatomically, and is functional. Respectively at their defeat two different groups of symptoms are observed: at damage of the central motor neurons there is spastic paralysis, and at defeat of peripheral neurons – sluggish paralysis. The psychogenic paralysis which does not have in the basis of organic lesion can imitate one of these options or combine lines of that and another. The central paralysis can be shown in pure form or be combined with lines of a flaccid paralysis; as a rule, it is accompanied by touch and trophic frustration, and also changes of a vascular tone. The flaccid paralysis quite often is followed by sensitivity disturbance.

At the central paralysis motive function of an organism in general, but not separate muscles usually suffers. The paralyzed muscles of a spastichna (are convulsively strained), but atrophies (it can be only a consequence of inaction) are not exposed, and in them there are no electrophysiologic signs of regeneration. In the paralyzed extremities deep tendon jerks are kept or strengthened, clonuses (bystry spastic reductions) often come to light. Belly reflexes on the paralyzed party are lowered or are absent. At paralysis of the lower extremities such sign of injury of a head or spinal cord as a Babinski's reflex is observed (a foot thumb dorsiflexion in response to irritation of the outer edge of a sole). At damage of peripheral motor neurons there is other picture. Instead of increase in a muscle tone there is its decrease. Separate muscles in which the atrophy and electrophysiologic reaction of degeneration come to light are surprised. In the paralyzed extremity deep reflexes decrease or absolutely drop out, clonuses are absent. Belly reflexes are kept, also the Babinski's reflex is not caused.

Paralysis reasons:

Paralysis – not an individual disease is also not caused by any one etiological (causal) factor. Any damage of a nervous system can lead to disturbance of motive function. Injuries, multiple sclerosis, infections, intoxications, metabolic frustration, disturbances of food, vascular defeats, malignant new growths, inborn or hereditary factors belong to the organic reasons of paralysis. Paralysis often develops at such infectious diseases as syphilis, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, viral encephalitis, meningitis. The toxic or alimentary reasons include beriberi (deficit of B1 vitamin), a pellagra (deficit of niacin), alcoholic neuritis, poisoning with heavy metals, in particular lead. Inborn, hereditary and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system too usually are followed by disturbance of movements. Birth trauma – the frequent reason of cerebral palsy, and also paralysis owing to defeat of a brachial plexus. A number of diseases of an unknown etiology (for example, multiple sclerosis) is characterized by motive disturbances of various degree. Similar effects can have also injuries, such as wounds and fractures if they are connected with damage of motive conduction paths or directly motoriums. In many cases paralysis has the psychogenic nature and happens display of hysteria; such patients can be helped by treatment at the psychiatrist.

Treatment of Paralysis:

The forecast and treatment are defined by a disease which caused paralysis. Apply also special methods of recovery of functions of an extremity (massage, physiotherapy exercises, etc.).