Hallucinations

Description:

Hallucinations — the perceptions arising without a real object, deception of feelings; the patient sees or hears what in reality does not exist at present.

Symptoms of Hallucinations:

Hallucinations are subdivided on analyzers (visual, tactile, acoustical, etc.) and on the nature of emergence. In the practical relation the following is the most important. Gipnagogichesky — the visual and auditory hallucinations arising when backfilling (at the closed eyes!) and often serving as a harbinger of the developing tremens. Visual hallucinations most often meet at acute exogenous psychoses and at the broken consciousness. They are observed mainly in evening and night time. Mikropticheskiye — visual hallucinations in the form of images of the people or animals differing in very small sizes (are frequent at alcoholic deliriums). Imperative — the auditory hallucinations, "voices" ordering to make these or that often dangerous to the patient or people around, acts; sometimes they prohibit the patient to talk, force to resist survey or inspection, etc. Danger of these hallucinations is that patients are often not able to oppose to "order". Auditory hallucinations arise more often in silence when the patient is in loneliness and do not distract it. Auditory hallucinations especially often meet at schizophrenia and alcoholic hallucinosis. Olfactory hallucinations are expressed by various imaginary smells, is more often unpleasant; usually meet at schizophrenia and presenile paranoids; emergence them in a clinical picture of schizophrenia usually means a tendency to the adverse course of a disease with resistance to treatment. At tactile hallucinations of the patient has feeling of crawling under leather of insects, goosebumps, small objects (at alcoholic deliriums, cocaine intoxication). At flavoring hallucinations patients test taste or emergence of unpleasant flavoring feelings unusual, not inherent to this food in a mouth without meal.
Distinguish true hallucinations and false (pseudohallucinations). The patient with true hallucinations is convinced of reality of their existence as for it they are projected in surrounding space, without differing from usual sounds, voices and visual objects.
Pseudohallucinations are localized within own body of the patient and are followed by feeling of extreneity and perfection (they hear voices which transfer to them from space in the head; to them "do visions"; they are convinced of foreign influence on their thoughts and feelings, quite often making the observations concerning the nature of such influence — "hypnosis", "laser", etc.). Pseudohallucinations are, as a rule, combined with nonsense of influence. If true hallucinations are more characteristic for alcoholic, traumatic and a pathopsyhosis, then pseudohallucination — only of schizophrenia.
Hallucinosis — the psychopathological syndrome which is characterized expressed plentiful (various type) hallucinations which dominate in a clinical picture. Hallucinosis often is followed by nonsense which maintenance depends on "voices" or images (hallucinatory nonsense). Acute hallucinosis develops usually at infectious or intoksikatsionny (is more often alcoholic) psychoses. At an adverse current or insufficient treatment against the background of organic or vascular diseases of a brain acute hallucinosis passes in chronic in which acoustical prevail and tactile hallucinations are more rare. At it behavior of patients more arranged, perhaps critical relation to "voices", patients can even keep working capacity.

Reasons of Hallucinations:

Emergence of hallucinations testifies to considerable weight of mental disturbances; at patients with their neurosises usually does not happen. Studying of features of hallucinations in each case can help to establish the diagnosis of a mental disease and to predict its outcome. For example, at voice schizophrenia which the patient hears address it more often, comment on his actions or to it order to make something. At alcoholic hallucinosis of a voice speak about the patient in the third party and usually abuse or condemn for alcoholism.

Treatment of Hallucinations:

Developing of hallucinations is the indication to hospitalization (at obligatory escort of such patients with the paramedic) and active therapy by neuroleptics (a haloperidol, Triphtazinum, этаперазин, leponexum, etc.). Chronic hallucinatory states at schizophrenia and other mental diseases demand a constant maintenance therapy psychotropic drugs and dynamic observation of the psychiatrist. It is necessary to consider that in some cases patients at a conversation with the doctor can hide the hallucinations (dissimulation), and in the presence of paramedical staff "to be forgotten" and show objective symptoms of the tested hallucinations. The personnel should be told without fail the doctor about existence at the patient of hallucinatory frustration.