Azotemia
Description:
Azotemia — the increased content in blood of the nitrogenous products of exchange removed by kidneys.
The azotemia has three classifications, depending on its causal origin, but all three types divide several common features. All forms of an azotemia are characterized by reduction in the rate of glomerular filtering (SKF) of kidneys and uvelicheny an urea nitrogen in blood and concentration of creatinine in serum. The urea nitrogen relation index to creatinine is a useful measure for definition like azotemia. The normal index — is less than 15.
Azotemia symptoms:
* Oliguria or anury
* pallor
* tachycardia
* weakness
* dryness in a mouth (xerostomia)
* thirst
* hypostases (up to an anasarca)
* fluctuations of ortostaticheky pressure (increase or decrease considerably depend on situation)
* uraemia
Azotemia reasons:
Prerenalny azotemia. The Prerenalny azotemia is caused by reduction of cordial emission as result of insufficient blood supply of kidneys. It can result from hemorrhage, shock, decrease in volume of the circulating blood, and heart failure, etc. reasons.
Renal azotemia. The renal azotemia usually leads to uraemia. This state is peculiar at various diseases of kidneys, any parenchymatous injury of kidneys. Main reasons: renal failure, glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, etc.
Prerenal azotemia. At prerenal option of an azotemia the obstacle to normal outflow of urine occurs lower than the level of kidneys. It can be caused by congenital anomalies, such as a vesicoureteral reflux, the ureter block stones, pregnancy, compression of an urethra a tumor, a prostate hyperplasia. Increase in resistance to a flow of urine can cause development of a hydronephrosis.
Treatment of the Azotemia:
Treatment is directed to a basic disease. The symptomatic treatment includes restriction in a food allowance of the products supporting squirrels, in particular meat, purpose of anabolic hormones (for reduction of disintegration of proteins) and the actions directed to increase in a diuresis, including use of diuretics. In a hospital if necessary carry out a hemodialysis.
