Inborn AIDS

Description:

The embryopathy caused by AIDS is characterized by group of the dismorfichesky signs which are shown anti-or postnatalno at children of the women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Transplatsentnarny infection usually happens on early durations of gestation.

Reasons of inborn AIDS:

Defeat by a human immunodeficiency virus. The risk of vertical transfer at the subsequent pregnancy will be same if the fruit is affected by similar risk factors from mother (weight of a course of a disease, high degree of a viremiya and the low CD4 level in blood, fever and anemia, a premature rupture of fetal membranes, an amnionitis).
Indicators of transmission frequency of HIV infection from mothers to newborns in the world vary from 14,1% in Europe to 28% in New York, 20% to San Francisco and 45% in Africa. From all children infected with HIV, 99% were infected from the mothers. Vertical transfer of a virus happens vnutriutrobno, intranatalno and postnatalno (at breastfeeding). The share of pre-natal or transplacental infection makes from 30 to 50%. Frequency of occurrence of the embryopathy caused by AIDS is definitely not established and generally depends on weight of a disease of mother and duration of gestation at infection (the earlier there is a transfer of a virus, the risk of emergence of disturbances at a fruit is higher). Etiology. Defeat by a human immunodeficiency virus.

Prenatal diagnosis:

Prenatal diagnosis by means of invasive methods is not allowed not to endanger a fruit of contact with maternal blood and probabilities of obtaining false positive results owing to emergence of the perkrestny reaction connected with it. Antenatal death, a delay of pre-natal development, a nanocephalia and craniofacial anomalies (are available in 50-75% of cases of infection which cause a characteristic type of the person after the birth), including the acting, rectangular or boxy forehead, lateral hillocks, a hypertelorism, a deep nose bridge and a short nose can be ultrasonic signs of infection of a fruit. Other signs which can be found after the birth are presented by long palpebral fissures, blue scleras, underlined border of the upper edge of a red border of lips, low growth, big wide palpebral fissures and well outlined filter. The combined anomalies can be caused by opportunistic infections of mother, in particular those which can also strike a fruit, such as a toxoplasmosis, Cytomegaloviral and parvoviral infections. Other maternal viral infections which can be excluded by means of serologic assays of blood of the pregnant woman. So far AIDS is considered a lethal disease with various life expectancy which depends on many factors (from mother, the child and features of a virus). Average life expectancy of children fluctuates from 6,2 to 7,5 years, at the same time only 70% from them reach age of 6 years. Antenatal death of a fruit can happen at severe forms of a disease of mother or a fruit, especially in cases when infection comes on early durations of gestation. It is supposed that weight of congenital anomalies is caused by terms of contact of a fruit with a virus (than earlier there is an infection, especially expressed will be changes). Performing timely antiviral therapy can reduce vertical transfer from 25 to 8% and increase life expectancy of the infected patients. Abortion in terms before the period of viability of a fruit can be offered to each HIV-positive patient. Carrying out monthly ultrasonic inspection during all pregnancy for the purpose of identification of a delay of pre-natal development and possible structural anomalies is recommended. The course of treatment of mother during all pregnancy consists in purpose of 100 mg of a zidovudine (zidovudine) five times a day. Performing similar treatment of the newborn is obligatory.