Implantation of an artificial pacemaker

Description:

In healthy heart of a cell of a myocardium react to impulses of the pacemaker (called also by a pacemaker) - reduction of auricles and ventricles. Performance by heart of functions on collecting and pumping of blood depends on a rhythm of the movement of the tiny impulses coming from the upper camera of heart to lower. These impulses extend on the carrying-out system of heart which sets the necessary frequency, uniformity and synchronism of reductions of auricles and ventricles according to requirements of an organism. In a natural pacemaker of heart there are electric impulses which pass through auricles, forcing them to be reduced.

Use of an artificial pacemaker is shown at serious violations of a heart rhythm:

    * Sick sinus syndrome (disease of a sinus node). In these cases the frequency of impulses in a sinus node considerably decreases and does not correspond to requirements of an organism.
    * Heart block. At the same time or not all impulses of excitement of a sinus node reach heart ventricles, or they do not pass both auricles and ventricles at all are reduced independently from each other. The heart block can occur in an atrioventricular (atrioventricular) node or the carrying-out fabrics.

Disturbances of a cordial rhythm can be caused by various reasons, including hereditary defects of heart, aging process, formation of cicatricial changes of fabrics after the postponed myocardial infarction, infectious diseases.

The pacemaker sets to heart a constant and adequate rhythm, forcing a cardiac muscle to be reduced rhythmically. Thus, blood circulation and supply of an organism with oxygen and nutrients is normalized.

Principle of work of a pacemaker. All system of an electrocardiostimulator consists of two parts:

    * A pulse generator which actually is also called an electrocardiostimulator. The pulse generator consists of an electronic circuit and the battery which are placed in the tight case. The electronic circuit conducts a research of activity of heart and generates the impulses sent to heart, controlling their synchronization.
    * An electrode (or two electrodes) which represents the special spiral conductor having sufficient flexibility to maintain the torsion and bending caused by the movements of a body and reductions of heart. The electrode transfers to heart the electric impulse developed by a pulse generator and bears back information on activity of heart.