Potassium iodide

General characteristics. Structure:

Active ingredient: 0,1 mg or 0,2 mg of potassium (in the form of iodide) in 1 tablet.

Excipients: lactose (sugar milk), magnesium hydroxycarbonate (magnesium carbonate the main), cellulose microcrystallic, sodium of a kroskarmelloz, magnesium stearate, talc, silicon dioxide colloid (aerosil).

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Iodine belongs to the irreplaceable microelements necessary for normal functioning of a thyroid gland. At intake of iodides in cells of an epithelium of a follicle of a thyroid gland iodine ions under the influence of enzyme iodide-peroxidase are oxidized with formation of elementary iodine which joins in a tyrosine molecule. At the same time one part of radicals of tyrosine in thyreoglobulin is iodated therefore tironina are formed, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are basic of which.

Tironina form a complex with protein thyreoglobulin which is deposited in a colloid of a follicle of a thyroid gland. The iodine coming to an organism in physiological quantities prevents development of the local craw connected with a lack of iodine of food; normalizes the size of a thyroid gland at newborns, children and teenagers; influences T3/T4 ratio indicators, level of thyritropic hormone.

Pharmacokinetics. At intake it is quickly and completely soaked up in a small intestine and during 2 h it is distributed in intracellular space.

Collects generally in a thyroid gland (concentration of iodide more than 500 mkg/g of fabric), and also in salivary and mammary glands, mucous a stomach.

Well gets through a placenta.

It is removed preferential by kidneys (trace quantities are defined in urine in 10 min. after reception, 80% of a dose are removed during 48 h, other part – within 10-20 days), partially – with secrets of salivary, bronchial, sweat and other glands.

Indications to use:

- Prevention of development of a local craw, including at pregnancy;

- prevention of a recurrence of a craw after end of a course of treatment of a craw drugs of hormones of a thyroid gland or after its surgical removal;

- treatment of a diffusion euthyroid craw at newborns, children, teenagers and adult patients of young age.

Route of administration and doses:

The daily dose of drug should be accepted in one step after food, washing down with a large amount of liquid.

At purpose of drug newborns and children up to 3 years are recommended to dissolve a tablet in a small amount (1 tablespoon) of boiled water of room temperature.

If the doctor did not appoint differently, then follow the following instructions on a dosage:

Prevention of development of a local craw:

1. newborns and children: 50-100 mkg of iodine a day.

2. teenagers and adults: 100-200 mkg of iodine a day.

3. at pregnancy and feeding by a breast: 150-200 mkg of iodine a day.

Prevention of a recurrence of a craw after end of a course of treatment drugs of hormones of a thyroid gland or after its surgical removal: 100-200 mkg of iodine daily.

Treatment of an euthyroid craw:

1. newborns, children and teenagers: 100-200 mkg of iodine daily.

2. adult patients of young age: 300-500 mkg daily.

Preventive administration of drug with the preventive purpose is carried out within, as a rule, several months or years, in the presence of indications – for life.

Treatment of a craw at newborns is carried out on average within 2-4 weeks, at children, teenagers and adults 6-12 months usually are required, long reception is possible.

Duration of treatment is established by the attending physician.

Features of use:

Use at pregnancy and breastfeeding: During pregnancy and breastfeeding the need for iodine increases. Potassium iodide is appointed according to indications in three cases when intake of iodine with food makes less than 200 mkg/days. Drug well gets through a placenta and can cause development of a hypothyroidism and a craw in a fruit.

Iodine is also emitted with breast milk. Therefore during pregnancy and breastfeeding drug should be accepted only in the recommended doses.

Prior to treatment it is necessary to exclude malignant damage of a thyroid gland, a hyperthyroidism or a nodal toxic craw.

Against the background of therapy by drug at patients with a renal failure development of a hyperpotassemia is possible (periodic control of level of potassium in blood is necessary).

Potassium iodide does not influence ability to driving of motor transport and control of mechanisms.

Side effects:

At iodide Potassium use according to indications in the recommended doses emergence of by-effects is improbable.

Sometimes allergic reactions develop: skin rash, Quincke's edema.

At use of drug in the dose exceeding 150 mkg/days, the hidden hyperthyroidism can pass into a manifest form.

At prolonged use of drug in the dose exceeding 300 mkg/days development iodine - the induced hyperthyroidism is possible (especially at the elderly patients having a craw for a long time in the presence of a nodal craw or toxic adenoma).

Interaction with other medicines:

The concomitant use of anti-thyroid medicines weakens effect of potassium of iodide (mutually).

Perchlorate and potassium thiocyanate suppress iodine absorption by a thyroid gland. Thyritropic hormone improves digestion of iodine a thyroid gland and stimulates production of its hormones.

The concomitant use of inhibitors of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (including captopril, enalapril, lisinopril) increases risk of emergence of a hyperpotassemia.

High doses of iodine in combination with kaliysberegayushchy diuretics can lead to a hyperpotassemia.

Therapy co-administration by iodine in high doses and drugs of lithium promotes development of a craw and a hypothyroidism.

Reduces capture by a thyroid gland 131I and 123I.

Contraindications:

The expressed thyrotoxicosis; the latent thyrotoxicosis (at use of the doses exceeding 150 mkg/days); herpetiform dermatitis; toxic adenoma, a nodal craw at use in doses more than 300 mkg/days (except for preoperative therapy for the purpose of blockade of a thyroid gland); hypersensitivity to iodine.

Potassium iodide should not be accepted at a hypothyroidism unless development of the last is caused by the expressed iodine deficiency.

Purpose of drug should be avoided at therapy by a radioiodine, existence or at suspicion on a carcinoma of a thyroid gland.

With care apply at patients with a renal failure.

Overdose:

Symptoms of acute overdose: coloring of mucous membranes in brown color, reflex vomiting, abdominal pains and diarrhea (perhaps, a melena). In hard cases development of dehydration and shock is possible.

Treatment at acute overdose: gastric lavage, introduction of Natrium thiosulfuricum, symptomatic therapy of disturbance of water and electrolytic balance, antishock therapy.

The chronic overdose can lead to development of a phenomenon of "iodism": "metal" smack in a mouth; hypostasis and inflammation mucous (rhinitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, bronchitis); acne rash; dermatitis; hypostasis of sialadens; fever; nervous irritability.

Treatment at chronic overdose: drug withdrawal.

Storage conditions:

To store in the place protected from light at a temperature not above 25 °C. To store in the place, unavailable to children. A period of validity - 3 years. Not to apply after the period of validity specified on packaging.

Issue conditions:

Without recipe

Packaging:

Tablets of 100 mkg and 200 mkg. On 10 or 25 tablets in a blister strip packaging from a film of the polyvinyl chloride and printing aluminum foil varnished. On 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 or 20 blister strip packagings on 10 tablets or 2, 4 or 8 blister strip packagings on 25 tablets together with the application instruction place in a pack from a cardboard.