Allergic rhinitis

One of manifestations of a paradoxical immune response is allergic rhinitis, otherwise it is called seasonal. The disease is called as also hay fever because signs of disturbance of health are shown at contact not only with pollen of plants, but also with the dried-up grass. Primary contact with allergen arises at the level of upper respiratory tracts, in cells of a mucous membrane of a nose. Owing to the specific reaction of an organism having the genetic nature to certain substances of the organic nature antibodies – group E immunoglobulins are synthesized. They connect alien particles, forming complexes: antigen antibody. At repeated contact with alien particles there is a rough reaction. As cell-bound immune complexes are besieged in nose cells, first of all at such reaction allergic rhinitis with all its manifestations develops.

Allergic rhinitis, development mechanism

At continuous contact with allergens the condition of chronic inflammatory process in a nasal cavity provokes aggravations during the whole year. When allergic rhinitis has only seasonal nature, aggravations "disappear" after the end of a blossoming season of certain plants. Most often, not flower pollen, but birches is a source of a similar state during this period when leaves are dismissed.

The most often allergic rhinitis develops in the spring and in the fall – it is connected with other widespread allergen – to microfungi which freely move by air.

Nonspecific irritants – triggers provoke attacks of sneezing, cold and other symptoms of allergic rhinitis. On chemical composition they have nothing in common with allergens, but receptors of a mucous membrane of a nose irritate. In a condition of hypersensitivity of a nervous system the immune response follows immediately. Of allergic rhinitis the following factors can serve Trigerrami:

• Tobacco smoke, irrespective of brand of cigarettes;
• Exhaust gases of the motor transport;
• Cold air upon transition from the warm room;
• Pungent smell of means of perfumery or household chemicals.

The nasal cavity, okolonosovy resonant bosoms of a facial skull and tracheobronchial tree form uniform anatomo-physiological system. All these bodies are covered by an identical epithelial cover. Therefore allergic rhinitis is rather often accompanied by the following diseases:

• Polypostural rinosinusit;
• Asthmatic bronchitis;
• Bronchial asthma.

If timely not to treat allergic rhinitis, similar states develop. And, not as associated diseases or complications, but testify to prevalence of inflammatory process.

Allergic rhinitis, symptoms

The clinical picture of a disease allergic rhinitis symptoms has the following:

• The main;
• Additional;
• Nonspecific.

Treat the main manifestations:

• Watery nasal allocations;
• Pristupoobrazny sneezing without the visible reasons, generally in the morning;
• Burning in a nose, the itch extending on all nasopharynx;
• Breath through a mouth owing to a nose congestion, snore, puffing, decrease in sense of smell, twang.

Allergic rhinitis has a characteristic sign: "an allergic salute". The child carries out by a palm on a nose tip from below up, struggling with an itch. As a result of this movement there are scratches and raschesa on a nose, the cross nasal fold is formed.

Additional displays of allergic rhinitis happen not at all patients, but meet in most cases. These are the following symptoms:

• Dacryagogue, photophobia, emergence of dark circles under eyes;
• Feeling of a crash in ears when swallowing, deterioration in hearing;
• Pharyngalgias;
• Nasal bleedings owing to mechanical irritation of a mucous membrane;
• Irritation of skin of wings of a nose and nasolabial triangle.

The general symptoms of allergic rhinitis are not specific, but constantly accompany a disease:

• Irritability, slackness;
• The appetite loss which is combined with nausea;
• Headache;
• Sleeplessness.

Much less often allergic rhinitis is followed by fervescence. It occurs when in the place of defeat of an epithelium bacteria breed. At children gastric disturbance signs, owing to swallowing plentiful contents from a nasopharynx are observed.

Allergic rhinitis, means for treatment

Main objective of treatment of allergic rhinitis is prevention of development of bronchial asthma. For this purpose it is necessary to establish control over symptoms, and also to level all associated diseases.

It is necessary to treat allergic rhinitis according to the accurate program which includes the following events:

• Elimination of contact with allergen;
• Antiinflammatory therapy;
• Symptomatic therapy;
• Hypoallergenic diet;
• Immune therapy.

In cases when identification of allergic factors is difficult, it is necessary for the patient to create the surrounding situation close to sterility. Frequent cleaning of the room, the conditioned, moistened air promote elimination of the reasons for which allergic rhinitis develops, means of household chemicals at the same time should be chosen carefully. It is better to use usual water.

Antiinflammatory treatment of allergic rhinitis is carried out by hormonal drugs – glucocorticoids.

For removal of symptoms antihistaminic drugs of the last generation as they have no the side effects oppressing the central nervous system are recommended.

At year-round allergic rhinitis food only changes when the disease is combined with food allergy. At seasonal display of a disease the vegetable products having affinity with allergens are excluded from a diet.

Immune therapy is carried out according to testimonies of the allergologist.