Conduction anesthesia
Contents:
Description:
Conduction anesthesia - reversible blockade of transfer of nervous impulse on a large nervous trunk (a nerve, a texture, a node) administration of solution of local anesthetic in paraneural space. This reception can be used as means of diagnosis of neuralgia. Irreversible blockade of carrying out nervous impulse arises at injury of a nerve.
Conduction blockade is used as a component of modern anesthesia, for example, at traumatologic operations or as therapeutic means at patients with a chronic pain syndrome (a sciatica, an epileptiform neuralgia, a protruded disk and other).
Temporary blockade is reached by administration of the solution containing local anesthetic near nerve fibril. As additional components (adjuvants) adrenaline, steroid drugs or opioids (morphine, fentanyl) can be used. Adrenaline leads to a spasm of a regional vascular bed that slows down absorption of local anesthetic and extends clinical effect of blockade. Steroids are one of the major antiinflammatory drugs, and opioids have analgetic properties. It is possible to block a nerve single administration of solution of local anesthetic or installation of a sterile catheter for the prolonged anesthesia.
On an upper extremity, depending on the forthcoming operation, choose one of several techniques:
Blockade of a brachial plexus interladder access
Blockade of a brachial plexus supraclavicular access
Blockade of a brachial plexus nizhneklyuchichny access
Blockade of a brachial plexus axillary access
Blockade of terminal nerves on an extent
On the lower extremity, also depending on the forthcoming intervention, use:
Blockade of a femoral nerve
Blockade of a sciatic nerve
Blockade of a locking nerve
Blockade of a lateral cutaneous nerve of a hip
Blockade of terminal branches on an extent
The technique of a therapeutic neurolysis is identical to a technique of a reversible nerve block, but assumes destruction of nervous tissue administration of the drugs containing phenol or alcohol, a cryoanalgesia or a radio-frequency ablation.
Conduction blockade is the procedure which is carried out in sterile conditions of any medical hospital. In modern conditions depending on the equipment of clinic search of a nerve is carried out with use of a neurostimulator or under ultrasonic control.
Conduction anesthesia, as well as any other medical manipulation, is not deprived of risk of complications. Depending on type of the performed procedure and localization of a nervous trunk of a complication can include:
Wound of the next blood vessels
Pheumothorax
Nerve wound
Rupture of a chest lymphatic channel
Infection of the place of a puncture
Toxic effect of local anesthetic
Allergic reactions to local anesthetics and adjuvants
