Metronidazole

Metronidazole – effective antibacterial and anti-protozoan synthetic medicine of a broad spectrum of activity.

Pharmacological action

Active ingredient of Metronidazole has antimicrobic and antiprotozoan effect in the relation:

• Peptococcus niger.;
• Bacteroides spp., including Bacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium spp., Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides vulgatus;
• Entamoeba histolytica;
• Clostridium spp.;
• Trichomonas vaginalis;
• Eubacterium spp.;
• Peptostreptococcus spp;

Metronidazole in combination with amoxicillin is also effective concerning Helicobacter pylori.

According to the instruction Metronidazole causes a sensitization to alcohol, increases sensitivity of tumors to radiation and stimulates reparative processes.

Release form

Metronidazole is produced in various dosage forms:

• The Ploskotsilindrichesky white tablets Metronidazole, on 250 mg of active ingredient, on 20 pieces in banks, on 10 pieces in the blister;
• The candles Metronidazole containing 0,1 g of drug in each suppository. On 10 candles in packaging;
• Yellowish transparent solution for infusions in the polyethylene bottles containing 500 mg of active ingredient;
• Colourless 1% of vaginal gel. In 100 g of gel Metronidazole contains 1 g of active ingredient. In aluminum tubas on 30 g complete with the applicator.

Indications to Metronidazole use

According to the instruction Metronidazole is applied to treatment:

• Infections which are caused by types of Bacteroides – an abdominal cavity, including peritonitis and abscess of a liver, bodies of a basin, including an endomyometritis, an endometritis, an infection of a vault of the vagina after operations, abscess of fallopian pipes and ovaries, and also an infection of soft tissues and skin;
• Infections which are caused by types of Bacteroides and Clostridium – sepsis;
• Gastritis or an ulcer of a duodenum which are caused by Helicobacter pylori;
• Protozoan infections – an intestinal amebiasis, a balanthidiasis, an abenteric amebiasis, trichomoniasis, including amoebic abscess of a liver, a mecotic vaginitis, giardiazis, skin leushmaniosis, mecotic urethritis;
• Infections which are caused by Bacteroides spp., including V. of distasonis, V. of fragilis, V. of vulgalus B. ovatus, V. thetaiotaomicron – infections of joints, bones, the central nervous system, including abscess of a brain and meningitis, and also pneumonia, a bacterial endocarditis, an empyema and abscess of lungs;
• Alcoholism;
• Pseudomembranous colitis which is connected using antibiotics.

Also Metronidazole according to the instruction is applied:

• For prevention of postoperative complications on okolorektalny area and a colon, gynecologic operations and appendectomy;
• For radiation therapy in oncology, as the radio sensibilizing means.

Candles apply Metronidazole at urogenital trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginita which cause microorganisms, sensitive to drug.

Contraindications

According to the instruction it is contraindicated to apply Metronidazole at:

• Organic lesions of the central nervous system, including epilepsy;
• Leukopenias, including in the anamnesis;
• Liver failure if high doses are appointed.

Reception of Metronidazole is contraindicated at hypersensitivity to drug components, and also in the first trimester of pregnancy and the period of a lactation.

Metronidazole is appointed with care in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, and also at a renal or liver failure.

Application instruction of Metronidazole

According to the description the tablets Metronidazole are taken after food. The dosage and duration of treatment depends on a disease:

• At trichomoniasis – twice a day on 2 tablets of Metronidazole for 10 days. Also during treatment it is necessary to apply intravaginalno candles Metronidazole, on 2 suppositories twice a day – in the evening and in the morning. At the same time therapy by candles Metronidazole is recommended to be begun at the beginning of a menstrual cycle, and during this period to avoid syringings. If necessary the course of treatment of trichomoniasis can be repeated in a month. The drug dosage for children depends on age – in 2-5 years appoint 250 mg a day, in 5-10 years – to 375 mg, is more senior – to 500 mg a day;
• At a lambliasis Metronidazole is applied within 5-7 days twice a day on 2 tablets;
• At detection of a cyst at an asymptomatic amebiasis – within 5-7 days on 2 tablets of Metronidazole to 3 times a day;
• At a chronic amebiasis the daily dose of Metronidazole makes 1,5 g which can be divided into three receptions. Accept within 5-10 days;
• At acute amoebic dysentery – before the termination of symptoms accept 2,25 g divided into 3 receptions;
• At liver abscess in a combination with antibiotics of tetracycline group and other methods of therapy – within 3-5 days of at most 2,5 g of Metronidazole;
• At a balanthidiasis – within 5-6 days of 750 mg 3 times a day;
• At a stomacace – on 2 tablets of Metronidazole twice a day, up to 5 days;
• For treatment of an alcoholism accept 2 tablets of Metronidazole a day before half a year.

The daily dose at the expressed renal failures needs to be reduced twice.

At impossibility to apply Metronidazole inside, and also at the heavy course of an infection, drug is used intravenously.

Usually the dose makes 500 mg, but no more than 4 g a day. At approach of improvement carry out transition to oral administration of drug.

Side effects of Metronidazole

According to reviews Metronidazole can cause the following side effects:

• Diarrhea, anorexia, locks, nausea, glossitis, dryness in a mouth, vomiting, metal smack in a mouth, pancreatitis;
• Cystitis, dysuria, urine incontience, polyuria, candidiasis, coloring of urine in red-brown color;
• Dizziness and incoordination of movements, confusion of consciousness, irritability, depression, hallucinations, hyperexcitability;
• Urticaria, fever, skin rash, dermahemia, congestion of a nose, arthralgia;
• Neutropenia and leukopenia.

According to the description Metronidazole most often causes sleeplessness, a headache and weakness.

Metronidazole, according to reviews, causes intestinal colic, stomatitis, spasms, an ataxy and fever much less often.

It is necessary to be careful at simultaneous use of Metronidazole with other medicines because of a possibility of development of undesirable side effects. During therapy Metronidazole according to reviews does not recommend to apply alcohol because of a possibility of development of neurologic symptoms and emergence of abdominal pain of spastic character, vomiting and nausea.

Storage conditions

Drug is released only according to the recipe of the doctor. A period of storage of tablets and candles Metronidazole – 2 years.