Acute respiratory diseases

What is ORZ and what their difference from a SARS consists in?

The term ORZ (acute respiratory diseases) are a name not of one, but a number of infectious diseases which affect upper respiratory tracts and are transferred in the airborne way. In relation to diseases which have the virus nature other term is used - a SARS (acute respiratory viral infection), however, it is worth noticing that in most cases ORZ also develop owing to activity of viral infections. Considering this fact, it is possible to draw a conclusion that both terms ORZ and SARS designate almost same groups of diseases.

ORZ at children and adults is the most frequent are provoked by influenza viruses, adenovirus, a rhinovirus and the RS-infection. In life all of them are called in a word – "cold". At the child who goes to kindergarten or school ORZ observe on average 5-6 times a year. Children with the weakened immunity of an infection are struck twice more often. Annually in Russia register about 45 million cases of a SARS and flu, and 30% from them fall on children.

Researchers counted also economic damage from ORZ. As a result of diseases of able-bodied population and free vaccination at prevention of ORZ our state loses every year about 15 billion rubles.

Mechanisms of development of ORZ

Distinctive feature of all ORZ – symptoms which demonstrate defeat of an epithelium of upper respiratory tracts. Exactly there is an accumulation of activators, their primary sedimentation and reproduction. Further activity of viruses leads to development of the inflammatory processes and various complications connected with disturbances of work of the vital systems of an organism. From the person to the person of ORZ are transferred in the airborne way, and in certain cases also animals can be a source of an infection.

ORZ – symptoms and possible complications

As infections affect upper respiratory tracts, it is possible to allocate a number of symptoms of ORZ characteristic of all types:

• irritation in a throat;
• cough;
• voice osiplost;
• cold;
• feeling of weakness;
• muscular pains;
• temperature increase.

Some diseases of ORZ lead to a hyperadenosis, obstruction of bronchial tubes, pains behind a breast, to development of pharyngitis and pneumonia. If at the diagnosis of ORZ treatment was insufficient or was not carried out at all, then patients risk to face serious complications. Most often infections bring to:

• to consciousness opacification;
• to hemorrhages in internals;
• to bleedings from a nose;
• to defeat of peripheral nerves;
• to suffocation owing to narrowing of a throat;
• to exacerbations of bronchial asthma;
• to severe pains at a food proglatyvaniye.

ORZ at pregnancy as they can threaten health of the kid are especially dangerous, cause irreversible changes of a fruit or premature births.

Treatment of ORZ

As ORZ include the whole group of various infections, there is a set of the drugs and techniques designed to cure patients. Let's notice also that lungs and the ORZ medium-weight forms, as a rule, do not demand specific treatment, but doctors recommend to use "house" means for stopping of the most acute symptoms. At the heavy course of diseases emergency treatment is shown to patients, and at ORZ of the bacterial nature – antibiotics.

At fever it is necessary to approach selectively the choice of antipyretics and to use them only when temperature rises higher than 39 degrees, the patient feels strong muscular or headaches, in the presence of a serious illness of heart. ORZ at children are treated by means of paracetamol which is considered the safest drug. Aspirin, analginum, acetphenetidiene and antipyrine - are contraindicated as they have serious side effects. Besides, consider that antipyretics are recommended to be accepted not constantly but only at new temperature increase.

Vasoconstrictive drops are applied to improvement of nasal breath. It is reasonable to use them in the first three days from the moment of a disease as at prolonged use they can strengthen cold. If the age of the child exceeds 6 years, drops can be replaced with nasal sprays.

Bronchial obstruction demands urgent actions, especially, if it is followed by hurried breathing, difficulty of a breath, concern and increase in PCO2 against the background of decrease in PO2. The drugs for removal of obstruction are administered by means of the nebulizer or an inhaler.

Antibechics are shown at dry cough. Are most often used: глауцин, бутамират, окселадин and other non-narcotic drugs. Expectorants should be taken with caution. At treatment of ORZ they can cause allergic reactions and severe vomiting in children. At it is long the remaining cough sick ORZ antiinflammatory drugs are appointed: inhalation steroids, фенспирид, фюзафюнжин.

Treatment of ORZ at pregnancy

Perhaps, each doctor will agree with the fact that it is better for future mother not to take any medicine at all to neglect, however, ORZ not the best option too. The woman should consult surely with the attending physician who will pick up the safest drugs. At treatment of ORZ at pregnant women it is possible to accept: polyvitamins, drugs on the basis of paracetamol, Bioparox, Aqua Maris, пиносол, cough syrups, various folk remedies, for example, broth of a camomile, a sage or eucalyptus. Practically all antibiotics, aspirin, dietary supplements, Halazolinum, Naphthyzinum, Ambroxol, Tincturas Calendulae are strictly contraindicated.

Prevention of ORZ

Any child will be ill ORZ, despite all tricks of parents, but it is possible to minimize quantity of diseases and to take care of that infections proceeded without serious complications. For this purpose it is necessary to temper children, to provide them the healthy, good nutrition, to care for physical development of the child, to strengthen immunity. During annual flashes of incidence of ORZ, it is desirable to minimize trips in public transport and to increase time of walks. Prevention of ORZ antibiotics is inefficient that there to us from screens of TVs various "experts" did not go on.