Ciprofloxacin

General characteristics. Structure:

Active ingredient: 3 mg/ml of ciprofloxacin (in the form of ciprofloxacin a hydrochloride).

Antimicrobic drug, derivative ftorkhinolona. Works bakteritsidno.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Inhibits bacterial DNK-girazu. Breaks DNA synthesis, growth and division of bacteria, causes the expressed morphological changes of a cell wall, membranes and bystry death of a bacterial cell. Affects gram-negative microorganisms during a dormant period and divisions (due to influence on DNK-girazu and abilities to cause a lysis of a cell wall). Exerts impact on gram-positive microorganisms only during division.

The hypotoxicity for cells of a macroorganism is explained by absence in them DNK-girazy. Against the background of reception of ciprofloxacin there is no parallel development of resistance to other antibiotics which are not belonging to group of inhibitors of a giraza (including, to aminoglycosides, penicillin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines).

Ciprofloxacin is active concerning gram-negative aerobic bacteria – Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Hafnia alvei, Edwardsiellatarda, Providencia spp., Morganella morganii, Vibrio spp., Yersinia spp., Haemophilus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Moraxella catarrhalis, Aeromonas spp., Pasteurella multocida, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Campylobacter jejuni, Neisseria spp.; gram-positive aerobic bacteria – Staphylococcus spp. (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus), Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae. Drug is also active concerning some intracellular activators – Legionella pneumophila, Brucella spp., Chlamydia trachomatis, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii, Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Gardnerella spp are moderately sensitive to drug., Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (for their suppression high concentration are required). Bacteroides fragilis, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Clostridium difficile, Nocardia asteroids are steady against the laboratory assistant. Drug is inactive concerning Treponema pallidum. The majority of the stafilokokk steady against Methicillinum, rezistentna and to ciprofloxacin. Resistance develops slowly.

Pharmacokinetics. When using eye drops in the recommended doses the maximum concentration of drug in a blood plasma makes less than 5 ng/ml, and average concentration – less than 2,5 ng/ml.

Now it is not established whether ciprofloxacin gets into breast milk at instillation in an eye, however it is known that at a single dose of drug inside in a dose of 500 mg it is found in breast milk.

Indications to use:

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of eyes (acute and subacute forms of conjunctivitis, a blepharitis, blefarokonjyunktivit, a bacterial helcoma, a chronic dacryocystitis, a meibomitis); infectious damages of eyes after injuries or hit of foreign bodys; before - and postoperative prevention of infectious complications in an ophthalmosurgery.

Route of administration and doses:

At slight and moderately heavy infection each 4 h dig in 1-2 drops of drug in a conjunctival sac of the affected eye (or both eyes), at a heavy infection – on 2 drops each hour. After improvement of a state the dose and frequency of instillation are reduced.

At a bacterial helcoma dig in on 1 drop of drug each 15 min. during 6 h, then – on 1 drop each 30 min. in hours of wakefulness in the 1st days; for the 2nd days – on 1 drop each hour in hours of wakefulness; from 3 to 14 days – on 1 drop each 4 h in hours of wakefulness. If after 14 days of therapy epithelization did not occur, treatment can be continued.

Features of use:

Drug can be used only locally; it cannot be entered subkonjyunktivalno or directly into an anterior chamber of an eye.

During treatment drug does not recommend carrying soft contact lenses. When using rigid contact lenses it is necessary to remove them before an instillation and again to put on in 15-20 min. after drug instillation.

The bottle needs to be closed after each use. It is not necessary to touch with a pipette tip an eye.

It is not recommended to drive the car or to work with the difficult equipment right after a drug instillation to patients at whom after use of ciprofloxacin in the form of eye drops sight clearness is temporarily lost.

Side effects:

Use of drug can be followed by local side effects (allergic reactions, an itch, burning, easy morbidity and a hyperemia of a conjunctiva, nausea; seldom – the century, a photophobia, dacryagogue, feeling of a foreign body in eyes, unpleasant smack in a mouth right after an instillation, decrease in visual acuity, emergence of white crystal precipitated calcium superphosphate in patients with a helcoma, a keratitis, a keratopathy, emergence of spots or infiltration of a cornea swelled).

Interaction with other medicines:

Activity increases at a combination to a beta laktamnymi antibiotics, aminoglycosides, Vancomycinum, clindamycin, metronidazole.

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or to other drugs of group of ftorkhinolon, deficit glyukozo-6-fosfatdegidrogenazy, age up to 18 years, pregnancy, a lactation (for treatment feeding by a breast should be stopped).

Patients should appoint drug with care with atherosclerosis of vessels of a brain, disturbance of cerebral circulation, a convulsive syndrome.

The patient should be informed that if after use of drops the long time proceeds or the conjunctival hyperemia accrues, it is necessary to stop use of drug and to see a doctor.

Overdose:

Data on overdose of drug are absent.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

Solution (eye drops) of 3 mg/ml in bottles of 5 ml.