Rectum cancer
Description:
Cancer of a rectum makes about 4-5% of all cancer diseases. It is the most frequent localization of cancer in intestines of the person. The peak of detection of cancer of rectum is the share of age of 40-60 years, however it can arise also at younger age.
Rectum Cancer symptoms:
Clinical displays of cancer of rectum depend on a stage of a disease, the nature of growth of a tumor and level of its arrangement. It is possible to carry the following to the most frequent symptoms:
- bleeding (intensity of intestinal bleedings, as a rule, insignificant, and most often they meet in the form of small impurity of scarlet blood in Calais);
- a lock, an incontience a calla and gases, abdominal distention, frequent false desires on defecation);
- morbidity in a rectum;
- weight loss, pallor of integuments);
- disturbance of health of patients (general weakness, bystry fatigue);
- anemia (decrease in level of hemoglobin in blood which reason at rectum cancer intestinal bleedings, as a rule, are).
At later stages of a disease at patients there can come the intestinal impassability which is shown colicy pains in a stomach, a delay of gases and a chair, vomiting.
Rectum Cancer reasons:
Carry rectum polyps to precancerous diseases of a rectum (adenomatous, fleecy), polyposes diffusion (heredo-familial), chronic proctites, a proctosigmoiditis, nonspecific ulcer colitis, anorectal cracks, ulcers and fistulas.
Polyps of a rectum concern to group of obligate precancerous diseases with high probability of transformation in cancer.
Cancer therapy of a rectum:
The surgical method is the leader in cancer therapy of a rectum. In recent years actively apply complex treatment: radiation in the form of preoperative influence then make surgical removal of a gut with a tumor. In need of the postoperative period appoint carrying out chemotherapy.
The question of the choice of a type of operation at cancer of a rectum is very difficult and depends on many factors: level of an arrangement of a tumor, its histologic structure, extent of distribution of tumoral process and general condition of the patient. The final volume and a type of an operative measure are defined in operational after a laparotomy and careful audit of abdominal organs.
The widespread point of view that the most radical operation at cancer of a rectum is the belly and perineal extirpation is hardly acceptable both from oncological positions, and from the point of view of possible subsequent social and labor rehabilitation now.
Main types of operations on a rectum:
* a front rectectomy with recovery of its continuity by imposing of an anastomosis (partial removal of a rectum at a tumor arrangement in her upper part);
* a low front rectectomy with imposing of an anastomosis (almost full removal of a rectum with preservation of a proctal press at an arrangement of a tumor is higher than 6 cm from an anus).
* a belly and perineal extirpation of a rectum (completely removal of a rectum and the locking device with imposing of a single-barreled kolostoma in the left ileal area);
The low front resection (coloproctology) of a rectum is carried out with imposing of an anastomosis (anastomosis) by means of a mechanical seam, an open or laparoscopic way. It is applied in case of rectum cancer, with localization of a tumor in lower parts of a rectum, at distance of 4-8 cm from the proctal channel. Advantages of this method: lack of a lifelong kolostoma. Now to patients with low crayfish of a rectum an anastomosis imposes seldom, operations come to an end without formation of an anastomosis. To patients impose kolosty with which they live. Existence of a kolostoma interferes with patients of a message socially active life, limits their daily activity, the kolostoma does huge moral harm, patients live in a constant stress. Performance of low front resections by means of a mechanical seam will allow patients of a message usual life, will save them from all problems interfaced to an ostomy. Carrying out requires the modern electrosurgical equipment: ultrasonic scalpel, modern bipolar coagulator, and also existence of modern staplers in departments of coloproctology (circular).
