Magnesium sulfate

General characteristics. Structure:

1 ml of solution contains magnesium of sulfate 250 mg; excipients: water for injections.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Magnesium – the physiological antagonist of calcium, a metabolic cofactor of the majority of the exchange reactions including connected with synthesis and release of energy reduces secretion of catecholamines, regulates functioning of Na – Atfaza's K+, neurochemical transfer, muscular irritability, reduces acetylcholine contents in the central nervous system, a peripheral nervous system owing to what renders sedative, analgesic, anticonvulsant, spasmolytic,
cholagogue, tokolitichesky action. Drug expands coronary and peripheral arteries, reduces the arterial pressure, an afterload upon heart, slows down development of reperfusion damage of a myocardium. Drug reduces the frequency of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, slows down conductivity in the field of a sinus and antrioventrikulyarny node. Antithrombocytic properties of magnesium are connected with reduction of synthesis of A2 thromboxane, lipoxygenase derivatives (12-NOT THAT) stimulation of synthesis of prostacyclin and lipoproteins of high density. At increase in a dose magnesium can show negative isotropic and myshechnorelaksiruyushchy effect.

Pharmacokinetics. At parenteral administration magnesium quickly gets into bodies and fabrics, passes through a blood-brain barrier, a placenta, in high concentration it is found in breast milk. Drug preferential with urine is excreted. System effects develop within 1 min. after intravenous administration, in 1 hour after intramuscular. Duration of effect of magnesium at intravenous administration - 30 min., at intramuscular - 3-4 hours.

Indications to use:

Hypertensive crisis, ventricular disturbances of a heart rhythm (tachycardia like "pirouette"), an eclampsia, encephalopathy, a hypomagnesiemia. The increased need for magnesium, complex therapy of premature births, poisonings with salts of heavy metals, arsenic, tetraethyllead, soluble salts of barium (antidote).

Route of administration and doses:

The drug is administered intramusculary or intravenously (slowly, the first 3 ml – within 3 min.) 5 - 20 ml of drug 1-2 times a day. At spasms – intravenously or intravenously - on 5 - 10 - 20 ml of drug. At struyno) – on 10 – 20 ml of drug. At the time of delivery – intramusculary on 5 – 10 - 20 ml of drug. To children aged from 3 years – intramusculary at the rate of 0,2 ml/kg of body weight.

Features of use:

At long use of drug monitoring of arterial pressure, action of the heart, tendon jerks, functions of kidneys, respiration rates is recommended. In need of simultaneous intravenous use of drugs of calcium and magnesium, they are entered into different veins.
With care it is necessary to appoint drug to or in operating time to the drivers of transport and persons working with difficult mechanisms. Use of drug during feeding by a breast perhaps in cases when the expected advantage for mother exceeds potential risk for a fruit and the child.

Side effects:

Bradycardia, disturbance of neuromuscular conductivity, diplopia, feelings of heat, perspiration, hypotension, concern, weakness, headache, decrease in tendon jerks, suffocation, nausea, vomiting, polyuria.

Interaction with other medicines:

Drug strengthens effects of the medicines oppressing the central nervous system. Glycosides of a foxglove increase disturbance of conductivity and an atrioventricular block. Muscle relaxants and nifedipine strengthen neuromuscular blockade. Barbiturates, narcotic analgetik, hypotensive
drugs raise a possibility of oppression of a respiratory center. Intravenous administration of salts of calcium weakens effects of magnesium of sulfate.

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to drug, the expressed bradycardia (pulse is lower than 55 beats per minute), an atrioventricular block, the expressed liver and renal failure, a myasthenia, diseases of a respiratory organs, pregnancy, periods, the prenatal period in 2 hours prior to childbirth.

Overdose:

At overdose the expressed hypotension, bradycardia can be observed. Nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression and central nervous system.
Treatment. Enter (intravenously, slowly) calcium drugs (chloride, a gluconate), carry out the artificial ventilation of the lungs, peritoneal dialysis or a hemodialysis, symptomatic means adjusting functions of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system.

Storage conditions:

To store in the place protected from light at a temperature of 15 - 25 °C. To store in the place, unavailable to children. A period of validity – 5 years.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

On 5 ml or 10 ml in an ampoule; on 10 ampoules in a box;
on 5 ml in an ampoule; on 52 of ampoules in planimetric strip packagings in a pack.