Cytapheresis

Description:

The medical cytapheresis is a method of removal from blood of a certain type of cells, disturbance of functions or increase in quantity  of which causes or supports a disease.

Eritrotsitaferez. Indications to a medical eritrotsitaferez are defined more accurately, than at other types of tsitaferez and in many cases have independent clinical value, i.e. render varazhenny clinical effect even without purpose of medicamentous therapy.
- A polycythemia (hemoglobin is higher than 180 g/l, erythrocytes more than 6x1012/l)
- The secondary hyperglobulia which is shown symptoms of the increased viscosity of blood
- Hemochromatosis
- Drepanocytic anemia
- Malaria
- Paroxysmal night haemoglobinuria (the effect is not proved)
- Autoimmune гемолитическя anemia
- Leykotsitaferez

Indications to a leykotsitaferez as to independent operation can be defined at patients with certain types of leukoses. As similar operations are performed at only in departments of hematology or an intensive care, we found it possible not to stop on them in more detail.
At the same time, the method  of a leykotsitaferez found broad application as adjuvant therapy in complex treatment of many autoimmune diseases (bronchial asthma, a pseudorheumatism, psoriasis, nonspecific ulcer colitis).

Limfotsitaferez. Therapeutic лимфоцитоферез (removal of a part of lymphocytes of the patient), has the following indications:
correction of cellular immunity at some diseases (rheumatic arthritis, bronchial asthma, psoriasis, etc.);
removal of a large number of leukemic cells at leukoses, Mechanical removal of leukemic cells facilitates a condition of patients and improves results of chemotherapy.

Today лимфоцитаферез found application for various manipulations with lymphocytes out of a human body - for example, fotoferez and activation  of lymphocytes of an interleykinama (LAK therapy), and also for the purpose of receiving from peripheral blood of stem cells (стемаферез).

Blastaferez (стемаферез). Receiving from peripheral blood of stem (hemopoietic) cells, being ancestors of all cells which are developed by marrow.

The main direction of medicine which uses this technique is the hematologic transplantology (transplantation of marrow).  For this purpose after medicamentous stimulation collecting stem cells by means of a leykotsitaferez which are exposed to cold preservation is carried out. Then the chemotherapy which destroys marrow cells is carried out. After that, collected stem cells are entered intravenously and create new hemopoietic system. The method found broad application in treatment of certain types of oncological diseases.
The last years attempts to use stem cells for recovery of the died cells of internals are made (the myocardial infarction, a stroke, a diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, genetic diseases, mmunodefitsit,  multiple sclerosis, a pseudorheumatism, a system lupus erythematosus, etc.). Unfortunately, so far expediency and efficiency of such operations raises doubts.

LAK therapy. ть a method consists in allocation of blood of separate types of cells (leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes) which have antineoplastic, antiinflammatory or antibacterial activity. Properties of these cells for the purpose of stimulation of an immune response directionally amplify out of an organism with the help interleykina-2. After that the activated cells are returned again to a blood stream where effectively perform functions inherent to them.

Plateletpheresis. Till the last time the method was applied only for the purpose of collecting donor thrombocytes to needs of blood transfusion stations. In recent years indications for use of a plateletpheresis with the therapeutic purpose extended. Indications are developed for its use at atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, at patients is after removal of a spleen, at a high thrombocytosis.