Tsefotaksim

General characteristics. Structure:

Tsefotaksima of sodium salt sterile in terms of tsefotaksy – 1 g.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Drug Tsefotaksim by the chemical nature is close to tsefalosporinovy antibiotics of the first and second generations, however features of structure provide high activity it in relation to gram-negative bacteria, resistance to action produced by them beta лактамаз. Drug works bakteritsidno. Possesses a broad spectrum of activity, including concerning microorganisms which are steady against other cephalosporins and antibiotics of a penicillinic row. It is active in relation to gram-positive microorganisms (Staphylococcus spp., including the producing beta lactamelements, Streptococcus spp., except for group D), to gram-negative microorganisms (Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella spp., including K. рneumoniae, Moraxella spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, Proteus spp.), to anaerobic microorganisms (Fusobacterium spp., Veillonella spp.). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp are changeably sensitive to effect of drug., Helicobacter pylori, Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium difficile.
Streptococci of group D, Listeria spp are steady against effect of drug. and metitsillinoustoychivy staphylococcus.

Pharmakok_netika. At intramuscular introduction drug is quickly soaked up: the peak of its concentration in a blood plasma is observed in 30 minutes after an injection. Bactericidal concentration in blood remains more than 12 hours. Drug well gets into fabrics and liquids of an organism; in effective concentration it is found in pleural, peritoneal and synovial liquids. The elimination half-life of drug makes 1–1,5 hours. It is removed in a significant amount with urine in not changed look (about 30%) and in the form of active metabolites (about 20%). It is partially removed with bile. At patients with a renal failure and at elderly people time of semi-removal of drug increases approximately twice. Tsefotaksim-KMP within 14 days in a dose of 1 g each 6 hours does not lead administration of drug to essential accumulation of drug in an organism.

Indications to use:

Treatment of the infectious diseases caused by microorganisms, sensitive to it:
– infections of bronchopulmonary system (bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, abscess of lungs);
– meningitis;
– infections of an ear, throat, nose;
– infections of urinary tract, kidneys;
– gynecologic infections;
– infections of skin, soft tissues, bones and joints, abdominal cavity;
– acute uncomplicated gonorrhea.
In surgical practice drug Tsefotaksim is used for decrease in risk of postoperative infections, especially at operations of digestive tract and urological operations.

Route of administration and doses:

Tsefotaksim enter intramusculary or intravenously (struyno or kapelno). For an intramuscular injection dissolve 1 g of drug Tsefotaksim not less than in 3 mlsterilny waters for injections. Enter deeply into a gluteus. For intravenous jet administration dissolve 1 g not less than in 4 ml of sterile water for injections. Enter slowly within 3–5 minutes. For intravenous drop administration dissolve 2 g of drug in 100 ml of isotonic solution of sodium of chloride or 5% of solution of glucose, enter within 50–60 minutes. The prepared solutions are stable till 24 o'clock at storage in the refrigerator (4–6 °C) and 12 hours at a temperature not above 23 °C. Yellowish-amber color of ready solution does not influence efficiency and safety of an antibiotic. The usual dose of drug Tsefotaksim for adults and children is more senior than 12 years – 1 g every 12 hours. In hard cases the dose is increased to 2 g every 12 hours or increase number of introductions to 3–4 times a day, bringing the general daily dose to maximum – 12 g. A usual daily dose for newborns and children of younger age – 50–100 mg/kg of body weight which is divided into separate receptions with intervals between them from 12 to 6 hours. For premature children the daily dose should not exceed 50 mg/kg. In case of renal failures the dose is reduced. At an initial anury (clearance of creatinine – 5 ml/min.) the dose is, usually, reduced half.

Features of use:

With care to appoint to patients with hypersensitivity to penicillin or other allergens in the anamnesis. If necessary use of Tsefotaksima-of KMP the woman nursing should stop breastfeeding as Tsefotaksim-KMP gets into breast milk. Data on Tsefotaksim's nephrotoxicity are absent, however at patients the dosage of drug has to decide on heavy renal failures by a damage rate of kidneys. It is necessary to be careful at treatment of patients with diseases of a gastro intestinal path in the anamnesis. As well as other cephalosporins, tsefotaksy the positive take of the direct test of Koombs can cause. When determining level of glucose in urine false positive results can be received by method of recovery. In order to avoid it it is necessary to use an enzymatic method. In researches adverse influence of Tsefotaksim on a fruit is not revealed, however, it is recommended to appoint drug pregnant with care. Tsefotaksim-KMP does not influence ability to drive the car and other mechanical means.

Side effects:

Allergic reactions, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, eosinophilia, leukopenia, increase in indicators of hepatic tests, level of an alkaline phosphatase, content of nitrogen in urine are possible. The irritation phenomena in places of injections, fervescence can develop.

Interaction with other medicines:

Tsefotaksim at simultaneous use with anticoagulants of indirect action acts synergy. Antibiotics – aminoglycosides and diuretics increase nephrotoxic properties of drug. Drug solution Tsefotaksim is incompatible with solutions of other antibiotics in one syringe or a dropper.

Contraindications:

Drug use Tsefotaksim contraindicated at hypersensitivity to drugs of group of cephalosporins. It is necessary to be careful with hypersensitivity to penicillin (a possibility of allergic reactions).

Overdose:

When using drug in high doses there is a risk of developing of reversible encephalopathy. The specific antidote does not exist. Symptomatic treatment.

Storage conditions:

To store in the unavailable to children, protected from light place at a temperature from 15 °C to 25 °C. Period of validity –2 year.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

On 1 g in bottles. 10 bottles in a pack.