Lung biopsy

Description:

The biopsy of a lung represents the surgical procedure for the purpose of  extraction of a small amount of tissue of lung for a research under a microscope which  is carried out in case of  any pathological changes  in lungs, near lungs, or in a thorax. Most often the procedure  is carried out for a lung cancer exception. Usually the biopsy is appointed only  after pathology is revealed  on a x-ray film of a thorax or on KT.

Today the biopsy can be executed in 4 ways. The choice  of the used method depends on the general state of health of the patient and the site for a biopsy.

How to be prepared for a lung biopsy:

Before a biopsy, you will be asked to sign consent form. Consult with the doctor concerning any experiences, potential risks of the procedure and possible results.

Before a biopsy, tell the doctor if you:

- You take any medicine.
- You have an allergy to any drugs, including anesthetics.
You accept anticoagulants.
- Are pregnant.

Before a biopsy the doctor can appoint an integrated analysis of blood. In most cases, you have to refrain from food, at least, in 6 hours prior to a biopsy

Biopsy bronchoscope:

The biopsy can be executed during  a bronkhoskopiya or a mediastinoskopiya. This method is applied  at suspicion of infectious diseases and an arrangement of pathological tissues of lungs near bronchial tubes.

During a bronkhoskopiya the narrow tube - the bronchoscope is entered through a mouth or a nose into  respiratory tracts. Bronkhoskopiya  is also used  for diagnosis as lung cancer, and  for assessment of easy symptoms, such as chronic cough, a pneumorrhagia.

During a bronkhoskopiya, doctors can visualize the surface of airways, and also take a biopsy of any area where abnormal fabrics are revealed.

Bronkhoskopiya with use of the bronchoscope  usually takes from 30 to 60 minutes. After the procedure probably the patient will need to remain in postoperative chamber 1 - 2 hours.

After the procedure the patient can feel some  dryness in a mouth within several hours, and also a pharyngalgia and an easy hoarseness. Sucking tablets or rinsing will help to eliminate with warm salty water will help to help to facilitate this state very quickly.

Transdermal puncture biopsy:

Puncture biopsy of a lung – an aim puncture of the pathological site of pulmonary fabric for the purpose of receiving a cellular sample of tissues of lung. It is carried out by means of the long needle entered through a thorax. This method is used if pathological tissue of a lung is located close to a thorax wall.

The puncture biopsy of a lung is carried out under ultrasonic, or x-ray control,  thorax KT can be also used.

If the biopsy is carried out under control of KT, the patient  lies during the procedure. In all other cases the procedure is made in a sitting position. Under skin the local anesthetizing medicine (anesthetic) is entered.

The patient needs  to try to sit not movably, not to cough during a biopsy and to hold the breath for some time. The doctor does small (about 4 mm) a section of skin and punctures with a needle a tumor or abnormal pulmonary fabric then  the small piece of fabric is removed, and goes to laboratory to the analysis. The place of a section nestles for a stop of bleeding and  the pressure bandage is applied it.

It is very important  not to move and not to cough during this procedure.

Right after a biopsy do a chest X-ray. The procedure usually lasts 30 – 60 minutes then you will need to remain in postoperative chamber 1 - 2 hours.

The laboratory analysis usually takes several days.

As it was already told, to you will make an anesthetic injection before a biopsy. During an injection you will feel feeling of easy burning for a moment.
During the procedure you will have a feeling of easy pressure, and you will feel short sharp pains when the needle touches lungs.

Open biopsy of a lung:

Open biopsy of lungs – operation during which there is a removal of a small piece of fabric from lungs through a section in lungs. Then the sample is investigated on cancer, infections and pulmonary diseases.

This method is used if the most part of tissue of lung is necessary for the diagnosis. Also this procedure can help to diagnose a number of various diseases, such as:

- Rhematoid pulmonary diseases
- Sarcoidosis
- Wegener's granulomatosis.

The open biopsy of lungs is carried out in the operational hall of hospital under the general anesthesia, i.e. you sleep and do not feel pain. Through a mouth in respiratory tracts place a tube which leads to lungs.

After processing of skin, the surgeon does a section between edges in a thorax and deletes a small piece of tissue of lung. In the field of a section the pleural drainage tube for 1-2 days can be left to prevent lungs from destruction. It is deleted when the drainage stops, seams are removed in 7 - 14 days.  On a wound stitches are put.

All procedure usually takes about an hour then, the patient is left in postoperative chamber approximately for 1-2 hours.

Interpretation of results of a biopsy of a lung:

Normal indicators of pulmonary fabric:

- Light and pulmonary fabrics are normal
- There is no growth of bacteria, viruses and fungi.
- Symptoms of an infection, an inflammation or cancer are not revealed.

Abnormal indicators of pulmonary fabric  are:

- Existence  of a bacterial, viral or fungal infection in lungs
- Cancer cells (lung cancer, mesotheliomas)
- Pneumonia centers
- Benign tumors
- Pulmonary diseases (fibrosis)

Complications after a lung biopsy:

After a biopsy there can sometimes be a lung collapse (pheumothorax). That to check it, it is necessary to make X-ray of lungs.

Symptoms of a collapse of a lung include:

- Posineny  skin
- Stethalgia
- Increase of a cordial rhythm (pulse)
-  Asthma

If there is any of these signs, immediately report about them to the doctor.

As a rule, the lung collapse after a biopsy does not need treatment. However, if pheumothorax extensive is also not present improvements, the drainage tube through which there is an air is inserted into a thorax, and the lung finishes.
In rare instances, pheumothorax can be life-threatening if air comes out lungs and does not find a way out of a breast, gets to a trap, and  begins to press on lungs or heart.

The risk of development  in you of certain diseases of lungs, such as emphysema increases.

Every time when carrying out a biopsy is risk of developing of excessive bleeding (hemorrhage). Small bleeding is an everyday occurrence at this procedure, and the doctor has to watch blood loss. Extensive and life-threatening bleedings happen seldom.