Potassium chloride

General characteristics. Structure:

Active ingredient: 40 mg of potassium of chloride in 1 ml of solution.

Excipients: a dextrose monohydrate (in terms of anhydrous), 0,1 M Acidum hydrochloricum solution, water for injections.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Potassium drug, fills shortage of potassium ions and chlorine. Renders negative hrono-and bathmotropic action, in high doses - negative other and dromotropic, and also moderate diuretic action. In small doses drug of potassium expands coronary vessels, in big - narrows. Participates in process of carrying out nervous impulses. At intravenous administration increases release of adrenaline adrenal glands.

Increase in potassium concentration reduces risk of development of toxic effect of cardiac glycosides.

Indications to use:

Hypopotassemia (including against the background of a diabetes mellitus, long diarrhea and/or vomiting, therapy by hypotensive drugs, some - diuretics, glyukokortikosteyoroida), the treatment and prevention of digitalis intoxication, arrhythmias caused by a hypopotassemia.

Route of administration and doses:

At the heavy intoxications demanding bystry elimination of the pathological phenomena and also at persistent vomiting of potassium chloride is entered intravenously. Solution of potassium of chloride of 40 mg/ml is dissolved with water for injections by 10 times, receiving at the same time izotonichny solution (concentration of potassium-chloride makes 0,4%, Dextrosums - 3,34%).

Solution is entered intravenously kapelno with a speed of 20-30 of cap/min. At the same time enter no more than 100 ml of solution. If necessary injection can be repeated, but so that the general daily dose did not exceed 300-500 ml.

It is also possible to enter intravenously kapelno - from calculation to 2,5 g of potassium of chloride into 500 ml of 0,9% of solution of sodium of chloride or 5% of solution of a dextrose.

Features of use:

Pregnancy and lactation. In need of use at pregnancy it is necessary to weigh the expected advantage for mother and potential risk for a fruit. In the period of a lactation to resolve an issue of the breastfeeding termination.

During treatment it is necessary to control the maintenance of potassium ions in blood serum, an ECG, at treatment of a hypopotassemia - control of an acid-base state.

The diet with high content of sodium of chloride increases removal of potassium ions from an organism. It is necessary to consider that the hyperpotassemia leading to a lethal outcome can quickly develop and proceed asymptomatically.

Influence on ability to manage vehicles or mechanisms. During treatment it is necessary to be careful during the driving of motor transport and occupation other potentially dangerous types of activity demanding the increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Side effects:

From a nervous system: paresthesias, myasthenia, confusion of consciousness.

From cardiovascular system, lowering of arterial pressure, arrhythmias, heart block, cardiac standstill.

Others: hyperpotassemia, allergic reactions.

Interaction with other medicines:

Pharmaceutical we will combine with solutions of cardiac glycosides (improves their portability).

Strengthens negative dromo-and bathmotropic effect of antiarrhytmic drugs. Eliminates the hypopotassemia caused by glucocorticosteroids, mineralokortikosteroida and diuretics.

Beta adrenoblockers, cyclosporine, kaliysberegayushchy diuretics, heparin, inhibitors of an angiotensin-converting enzyme, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can strengthen risk of development of a hyperpotassemia.

Contraindications:

Hyperpotassemia, total atrioventricular block, adrenal insufficiency, chronic renal failure, the accompanying therapy by kaliysberegayushchy diuretics, metabolic disturbances (acidosis, a hypovolemia with a hyponatremia).

With care. At disturbances of atrioventricular conductivity; simultaneous use of inhibitors of an angiotensin-converting enzyme.

Overdose:

Symptoms: at too bystry intravenous administration - a hyperpotassemia (a muscular hypotone, paresthesias of extremities, delay of atrioventricular conductivity, arrhythmia, a cardiac standstill). Precursory clinical signs of a hyperpotassemia, usually appear at concentration of potassium ions in blood serum more than 6 ¼Ý¬ó/l: T tooth point, disappearance of a tooth of U, lengthening of an interval of QT, expansion of the QRS complex. Heavier symptoms hyperpotassemiasof - paralysis of skeletal muscles and a cardiac standstill - develop at concentration of potassium ions - 9-10 ¼Ý¬ó/l.

Treatment: inside or intravenously - chloride sodium solution; intravenously - 300-500 ml of 5% of solution of a dextrose (from 10-20 PIECES of insulin of short action on 1 l); if necessary - a hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

Storage conditions:

At a temperature from 15 to 25 °C. To store in the place, unavailable to children. A period of validity - 3 years. Not to use after the period of validity specified on packaging.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

Concentrate for preparation of solution for infusions of 40 mg/ml in ampoules on 10 ml. On 10 ampoules with the application instruction, a knife ampoule or the scarificator ampoule in a pack from a cardboard. When packaging the ampoules having a ring of a break or a point for opening the knife ampoule or the scarificator ampoule is not put. On 5 ampoules in cassette planimetric packaging. On 2 cassette planimetric packagings with the application instruction in a pack from a cardboard.