Bacteremia

Description:

Bacteremia - presence of bacteria at blood. Normal blood is sterile, and detection of bacteria in blood (usually by means of blood crops) always testifies to pathology.

Symptoms Bacteremia:

Bacteremia can cause several serious effects. The immune response on a bacterium can cause sepsis (blood poisoning) and septic shock, with high probability of death. Bacteria can use blood for distribution on an organism (hematogenous distribution), causing the secondary centers of an infection on considerable removal from primary center of infection. The endocarditis and osteomyelitis can be an example.
Gram-negative bacteremia. The most widespread activators — E. coli, types of Klebsiella, Entembacter, Serratia, Proteus and P. aeruginosa. Sources of bacteria — a GIT, urinogenital system and integuments. The contributing factors — surgeries and medical manipulations { for example, catheterization) on urinary tract and associated diseases.

Gram-positive bacteremia. The main activator — a coagualase - positive S. aureus. A coagualase-negative staphylococcus (S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus) seldom cause damages. Staphylococcal bacteremia divide on primary (the activator gets from integuments) and secondary (from the center of the existing infection). The most frequent sources — abscesses of integuments (even their easy palpation can cause an activator disseminirovaniye). In the conditions of a hospital practically all cases of bacteremia are caused by contamination of medical tools. The main activators — a coagualase - negative staphylococcus.

Reasons Bacteremia:

Presence of the bacteria circulating in blood is a serious complication of infections (such as pneumonia and meningitis), the operations (which are especially including work with mucous, such as digestive tract), catheterizations or hits of foreign bodys in arteries or veins (including intravenous infections, especially at drug taking).

Treatment Bacteremia:

The bacteremia connected with operation or introduction of a catheter to urinary tract traditionally does not demand any treatment, especially if quickly to remove a catheter. However before holding such procedures to people with the increased danger of development of an inflammation in response to bacteremia, for example to patients with a disease of heart valves or the weakened immune system, preventively appoint antibiotics.