Biopsy of a mammary gland

Description:

The biopsy of a mammary gland – a fence of small samples of fabrics for the pathomorphologic analysis  , as a rule, is the only method allowing to exclude or confirm existence of cancer in the suspected sites of a mammary gland with a high share of confidence.

The biopsy usually represents the out-patient procedure, that is it can be carried out in an office of the doctor. Depending on a type of the carried-out biopsy for its carrying out anesthesia can be used, or it can be carried out without anesthesia. Such diagnostic methods as mammography and ultrasonography cannot estimate, unfortunately, the nature of changes in tissues of a mammary gland. To define, the malignant tumor or high-quality, can only a biopsy.

Types of a biopsy of a mammary gland:

In diagnosis of a mammary gland such types of a biopsy as fine-needle aspiration, stereotaxic, intsizionny and eksitsizionny are used.

1. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy

This method is used for carrying out a biopsy palpated (that is such which are probed) tumors of a mammary gland. At implementation of the procedure the patient sits. On skin of a mammary gland the place of a biopsy is designated, and it is processed by an antiseptic agent. Further the long fine needle on the syringe is entered into thickness of gland. After penetration of a needle into thickness of a tumor, the piston of the syringe it is several times delayed. This inclusion in a needle and the syringe sucks in insignificant amount of ferruterous fabric. If the cyst puncture is made, then in the syringe liquid which in it was is sucked in. After all liquid of a cyst is rolled away, the cyst a gleam of a cyst is fallen down also pain which it caused disappears.

2. Stereotaxic fine-needle biopsy

This method of a biopsy is that by means of a needle several samples of fabric from various places of a tumor undertake. In case a tumor it is impossible to probe, and it is located deeply in fabrics, the help of mammography or ultrasonography is applied to carrying out a biopsy. The patient lays down on a back on a special table. Further several pictures of mammography or ultrasonography under different corners for formation as if of the volume image become precisely to learn a needle injection site.

3. Tolstoigolny biopsy

This type of a biopsy allows to receive the site of tissue of mammary gland, a little bigger by the size. For its carrying out the thick needle equipped with the cutting device is used. Advantage of this type of a biopsy is that the site of fabric, bigger by the size, for a histologic research allows to expose the diagnosis more precisely.

4. Stereotaxic tolstoigolny biopsy

When the tumor cannot be probed, and  it  is located deeply in fabrics, mammography or ultrasonography is applied to carrying out a biopsy. For this purpose several pictures of mammography or ultrasonography under different corners for formation as if of the volume image become precisely to learn a needle injection site.

5. Intsizionny biopsy

This method of a biopsy consists in carrying out excision of a small piece of fabric of a tumor. It is already more similar to an operative measure. Naturally, this type of a biopsy is carried out under local anesthesia. Often the intsizionny biopsy is carried out in case results of an aspiration biopsy are insufficiently reliable. Both an aspiration, and intsizionny biopsy can sometimes yield false results. However their advantage – in their speed.

6. Ekstsizionny biopsy

At an eksitsizionny biopsy mini-operation during which the doctor excises a part or all tumor is carried out. This procedure cannot be considered in any way medical as in case of detection of cancer cells, except the tumor removal of lymph nodes is necessary, or even more extensive intervention can be required. If the tumor sizes when carrying out an eksitsizionny biopsy less than 2,5, then excision of all tumor is carried out. At the big sizes of a tumor (more than 2,5 cm) only a part it is removed.

Indications to performance of a biopsy of a mammary gland:

Mastitis – infectious and inflammatory process in a mammary gland which is the reason of swelling of a breast. Mastitis is usually widespread among those women who nurse (during a lactation). When skin around a nipple is injured or on it there are cracks that happens when the woman nurses the child, bacteria can become the reason of development of mastitis. Also, when the woman nurses the child, the canal of a mammary gland can "be filled" that too can become the reason of development of mastitis. Sometimes, applying some types of treatment, it is possible to prevent development of mastitis (it should be noted that this very unpleasant painful disease). The infection can be in the form of pustules or abscesses, or to extend on a body (cellulitis or an inflammation of a hypodermic fatty tissue). Piercing on nipples increases risk of development of infections in breasts which it is especially difficult to treat.

The main symptom of a fibroadenoma is emergence in a mammary gland of a tumor. As a rule, such tumors are well probed, easily displaced in fabrics, have a smooth surface and rather dense.

The women suffering to lactoceles complain of existence of the roundish elastic painless education in a mammary gland which is gradually increasing in sizes. Sometimes emergence of such education matches insignificant morbidity in a mammary gland. It is usually difficult to find cysts until they reach enough big sizes. At infection of a cyst can abscess.

The biopsy (fine-needle aspiration biopsy) of a mammary gland is carried out at such diseases:

- Breast cancer;
- Mastitis;
- Mastopathy;
- Lactocele;
- Fibroadenoma;
- Intra pro-current papilloma.

How to be prepared for a biopsy of a mammary gland:

Before carrying out a biopsy usually the patient passes other methods of a research helping to find out originally, what volume and distribution of pathological changes. It is usually mammography and ultrasonography, other methods are more rare. In the beginning the doctor defines by these methods, where exactly there is a tumor, how deeply in what area of a mammary gland. For carrying out a biopsy of the deep-lying tumors very often this procedure is carried out under control of a X-ray analysis or ultrasonography.

Technology of carrying out biopsy of a mammary gland:

The biopsy consists the defined piece of the changed tissue of a mammary gland, or all tumoral education and the subsequent its histologic studying under a microscope at a distance. First of all, the purpose of a biopsy is detection of high quality or a zlokachestvennost of process.

At a biopsy of a mammary gland from a breast small samples of fabrics get. Then in these samples of fabrics search of cancer cells is run. Let's try to find out to whom the biopsy of a mammary gland as it is carried out is shown and what are possible complications.

Interpretation of results of a biopsy of a mammary gland:

There will pass several days before results of a biopsy are received. After studying of samples of the fabrics taken at a biopsy, the pathologist in detail makes the conclusion where reflects all information of the fabrics which are rather investigated by it. The conclusion contains details concerning the sizes, colors and consistences of samples of fabrics, their localizations, and specifies whether there are cancer cells there. If results of a biopsy normal or indicate high-quality changes, then it is important to learn whether opinions of the pathologist and the attending physician match. Sometimes opinions of these experts do not match – in case the attending physician can find the signs indicating cancer on a mammogram, and the conclusion of the pathologist indicates availability of normal fabrics. In this case, you, perhaps will need a further research, and, perhaps, operation for permission of this situation.