Uterine tubes

Uterine tubes (fallopiyeva) belong to internal generative organs at women. They represent the pair tubes connecting a uterus to an ovary.

Structure of uterine tubes

Uterine tubes depart from area of an uterine fundus, their free narrow end opens freely in an abdominal cavity. The wall of a uterine tube dense and elastic, is formed by an outside serous cover, an average muscular layer and an internal mucous membrane.

Anatomically in a uterine tube allocate a funnel, an ampoule, an isthmus and a uterine part. The funnel opens in an abdominal cavity, it is formed by long narrow outgrowths in the form of a fringe which as if covers an ovary. Fluctuations of these outgrowths help an ovum to reach a cavity of the uterus on a pipe. Disturbances of their mobility can be the cause of infertility or an extrauterine pregnancy.

Functions of uterine tubes

In a gleam of fallopian pipes there is a fertilization of an ovum a spermatozoon, and further the oospore at the kept passability of uterine tubes moves ahead in a cavity of the uterus where it is attached to its wall. Advance is also promoted by special cilia. The secret of an epithelium contains the substances promoting fertilization approach. During the movement division of a zygote begins, and so far it did not get into a uterus within several days, the uterine tube feeds and protects it.

If on the way the ovum meets disturbances of passability of uterine tubes in the form of commissures, polyps or other unions, then it cannot get into a uterus, and is attached to a wall of a fallopian pipe. In this case there occurs pipe pregnancy which can threaten the woman's life.

Methods of a research of uterine tubes

The laparoscopy of uterine tubes is carried usually out in passing, during endoscopic interventions on bodies of a small pelvis in other occasion, for example, during removal of commissures. For carrying out a research in an abdominal wall do two punctures, the endoscope with the video camera with which image is displayed the monitor is entered into one, enter tools for carrying out manipulations into other puncture. The laparoscopy of uterine tubes is carried out under anesthetic, manipulation for the woman is painless.

GSG, or gisterosalpingografiya allows to carry out check of uterine tubes, and also a condition of an endometria in cavities of the uterus, deformation and malformations of a uterus and pipes. The essence of a method is that contrast which of a cavity of the uterus comes to uterine tubes is entered into a neck of uterus, and gets into an abdominal cavity at sufficient passability of uterine tubes. For detection of contrast in an abdominal cavity the picture becomes x-ray. This method allows to see also deformations of a pipe which can also be the cause of impassability and infertility. At women who try to become pregnant the research is conducted for 5-9 day of a menstrual cycle with the general duration of a cycle of 28 days. If pregnancy is not the purpose of inspection, then GSG can be carried out in any day, except periods.

Check of uterine tubes with use of ultrasound is the most bystry and safe way of a research. However the accuracy of a research is lower, than at other methods. The research is conducted irrespective of a menstrual cycle. Healthy uterine tubes are hardly noticeable on ultrasonography to improve visualization, take samples with physical solution which is entered into a neck of uterus, and further it comes to uterine tubes that can be tracked using ultrasound.

Pathology of uterine tubes

The inflammation of uterine tubes (salpingitis) is caused by various infectious activators – chlamydias, gonokokka, etc. Various surgical interventions, abortion, periods act as provocative factors. The pains in the bottom of a stomach which are sharply amplifying at sexual intercourse, disturbances of an urination, purulent discharges from a genital tract, sometimes – fervescence will be symptoms of a salpingitis. In treatment apply antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. It becomes frequent inflammation effects the commissural process in uterine tubes leading to infertility. The expressed inflammation sometimes so deforms and destroys fabric of pipes that it is necessary to resort to removal of uterine tubes.

Disturbances of passability of fallopian pipes because of commissures, excesses, narrowings can become the reason of extrauterine pipe pregnancy. Fetal egg cannot get to a cavity of the uterus, and is attached to a pipe wall. It begins to increase in sizes and to lead to a rupture of a uterine tube. This state threatens the woman's life, demands the emergency help in a type of surgical removal of a uterine tube.

Inborn pathology in the form of absence or an underdevelopment of uterine tubes is often combined with an underdevelopment of a uterus and ovaries. Infertility will also be the main symptom in this case.