Urea

Urea – drug with diuretic and dehydrating action.

Form of release and structure

Urea is produced in the form of substance-powder (on 100, 250 or 500 g in dark glass jars).

Indications to use

• Early stages of wet brain (neurosurgical practice);
• Glaucoma, in particular during bad attacks (ophthalmology);
• Onychomycoses, ikhtioza, giperkeratoza, purulent wounds (external use).

Contraindications

• Liver and/or renal failure (heavy current);
• Dehydration;
• Wet brain against the background of a hemorrhagic stroke (because of possible development of repeated bleeding);
• Hypersensitivity to drug components.

Patients with chronic heart failure, a renal and/or liver failure and a hypovolemia should apply Urea with care, under observation of the doctor.

Route of administration and dosage

For intravenous administration solution of Urea should be prepared just before the procedure in sterile (aseptic) conditions. Use of the solutions prepared in advance can lead to destruction of erythrocytes (hemolysis).

As a rule, 30% the solution prepared for 10% glucose solution are applied. Dissolution of powder happens to absorption of heat (solution cooling) therefore before introduction solution needs to be sustained until its temperature reaches room.

Solution of Urea is entered kapelno with a speed of 40-60-80 thaws a minute. Increase in rate of administering up to 80-120 drops in a minute is recommended only in cases of need of obtaining bystry and maximum effect.

Usually appoint 0,5-1,5 g/kg (on average – 1 g/kg) body weights of the patient. As a rule, the effect occurs 15-30 minutes later. According to indications perhaps repeated administration of drug with an interval of 12-24 hours, but no more than 2-3 times. As a result of use of Urea at wet brain intracranial pressure decreases, tension of a firm meninx decreases, the pulsation appears; at glaucoma – intraocular pressure decreases.

Inside Urea is appointed in the form of 30% or 50% of solution in sugar syrup. Average doses – 0,75-1,5 g/kg. The hypotensive effect at glaucoma is observed in 30-45 minutes irrespective of a drug route of administration (orally or intravenously kapelno). At solution reception inside at wet brain dehydrating influence on brain fabric is shown only several hours later.

For the purpose of the prevention of disturbance of a water balance in the first days after use of Urea it is necessary to enter intravenously kapelno isotonic solution of glucose or sodium chloride (500-800 ml) with ascorbic acid (0,2-0,3 g) and thiamin (0,1-0,15 g). Co-administration with other diuretics is inadmissible. At administration of solution by the patient who is in unconsciousness or under anesthetic for removal of urine it is necessary to enter a catheter into a bladder.

It is impossible to allow hits of drug under skin at intravenous administration (in order to avoid development of a necrosis and irritation of fabrics).

As keratolytic means at treatment of onychomycoses 30% ointment of Urea, an ichthyosis and hyperkeratosis – 10% cream are applied. Outwardly drug in the form of ointment and cream is applied on the struck areas of skin.

When carrying out cleaning of purulent wounds of necrotic masses irrigations and water dressings from 10% are applied by Urea solution.

Side effects

Use of drug can lead to emergence of the dispepsichesky frustration which are shown in the form of nausea, vomiting and heartburn.

At parenteral administration of Urea can develop: phlebitis in an injection site, dryness in a mouth, thirst, increase in arterial pressure, a headache, confusion of consciousness, weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, fever, heartbeat, subdural or subarachnoidal bleedings, a vein thrombosis, disturbances of electrolytic balance. During the first hours after administration of drug perhaps short-term increase in concentration of residual nitrogen in blood.

Special instructions

During therapy it is necessary to control the arterial pressure, concentration of an urea nitrogen, electrolytes, function of kidneys.

Use of Urea at heart failure is possible (along with loopback diuretics) and hypertensive crisis with encephalopathy.

Medicinal interaction

Urea increases removal by kidneys of lithium (Li+).

Other diuretic medicines, including karboangidraza inhibitors, can lower effect of drug (dose adjustment can be required).

Terms and storage conditions

To store in the place, unavailable to children, at a temperature up to 25 °C (in tight packaging).

Period of validity – 4 years.