Nevus

The nevus (birthmark, birthmark) is the high-quality skin education representing accumulation of novotsit which contain a pigment melanin in a large number. The word came from Latin "naevus" that is translated as "birthmark".

There are many different types of birthmarks among which is inborn (are noticeable from the first days of life of the baby) and acquired (appear later). Classification of these educations is extensive. Let's stop on three widespread types of a nevus: vnutridermalny, papillomatous and dysplastic though actually them it is much bigger.

Vnutridermalny nevus

This kind of birthmarks, as a rule, inborn also does not turn into a malignant new growth, that is is melanomoneopasny. According to histologic data the vnutridermalny nevus can give rise to primary melanoma extremely seldom.

The exact reason of emergence of this type of birthmarks is still unknown, however, there is a hypothesis according to which they are result of genetic disorders.

Vnutridermalny educations have a dome-shaped or warty appearance, are sometimes located on "leg" and in a form remind blackberry. Their color can vary from light shades brown to completely black. Size, as a rule, no more than several centimeters.

The Vnutridermalny nevus happens single or multiple and is located most often on a face or a neck, in rare instances appearing on some other sites of skin. In process of growth of a body education also increases in sizes.

From possible complications, except risk of regeneration of a birthmark in a melanoma, there is a risk of its mutirovaniye in a papillomatous nevus. As a result of it on it there are many roughnesses, cracks and folds in which pathogens and the died-off cells accumulate that is fraught with development of infectious process.

Papillomatous nevus

This high-quality education which acts over skin and resembles papilloma superficially. In most cases the papillomatous nevus is located in a pilar part of the head and can be both inborn, and acquired. As the risk of transformation in a melanoma is extremely small, this type of birthmarks belongs to melanomoneopasny.

Genetic features of the person are the reason of education owing to what there is accumulation of pigment cells in one place.

The papillomatous nevus has a hilly surface and uneven outlines, towers over the level of an integument and can be covered with hairs. Its color brown or brown, and sometimes it does not differ from healthy skin. Education happens multiple or single and is capable to reach very big sizes.

Dysplastic melanotsitarny nevus

The dysplastic nevus which is often called by an atypical birthmark is a predecessor of a malignant tumor – melanomas. Frequency of its detection is identical to representatives of both floors. Appearing in 12-15 years, birthmarks continue to act on a body till an extreme old age, leading to formation of new spots.

Individual perception of UV rays, gender and age of the person do not exert any impact on emergence of a dysplastic melanotsitarny nevus. Such educations are inherited on the autoimmune channel, and at excessive influence of artificial ultraviolet or sunshine they regenerate in a melanoma. The risk of transformation of a high-quality dysplastic nevus in a malignant tumor at persons who accept immunodepressants is high.

Typical sign of education is its dual structure. The Melanotsitarny nevus has an appearance of a roundish spot with the central part raised over skin. Color scale is various: from red-pink to black-brown. The size of birthmarks reaches 5 mm, at the same time their border indistinct.

Education, as a rule, multiple that allows to speak about a syndrome of a dysplastic nevus. In most cases spots are located on body parts which are closed from sunshine – a pilar part of the head, a back, the lower extremities, a thorax, buttocks and genitals. Very seldom melanotsitarny nevus appears on a face.

Treatment of a nevus

The medicine and cosmetology offer several ways of removal of different types of birthmarks.

The most available and popular method of treatment of a nevus – a resection a usual surgical scalpel. However this operation has both pluses, and minuses. The main shortcoming is a probability of emergence of hems and scars. Besides the procedure is quite painful therefore it demands use of local anesthesia or the general anesthesia. However in some cases, for example, at a malignant dysplastic nevus, such treatment is most effective, and sometimes is unique.

One more way of removal of birthmarks is a cryotherapy. At this method of treatment the nevus is affected by such coolants as artificial ice or liquid nitrogen. Under the influence of the low temperature of a nevotsita are frozen and perish.

Way of disposal opposite to cryotreatment for birthmarks – electrothermic coagulation which consists in cauterization of pigment cells. Operation is painful and is carried out under anesthetic. The main advantage of electrothermic coagulation is that it is almost bloodless.

There are also less traumatic methods of treatment of a nevus, for example, laser removal which pluses are obvious: operation is painless, does not demand an anesthesia, is expedited and does not leave scars or hems.

Perspective cosmetology way is pointed radiation, but if there is a risk of regeneration of a birthmark in a melanoma, it cannot be used.

It is quite simple to prevent transition of usual defect of skin to a dangerous disease. For this purpose it is necessary to treat responsibly health and a condition of own skin, especially in places of localization of birthmarks, and also to observe preventive measures.