Erizipeloid

Description:

Erizipeloid - a bacterial infection from group of zoonoz with the moderate all-toxic phenomena and preferential damage of skin and joints.
Tank and sources of an infection - many animal species (pigs, sheep, cattle, dogs, hens, ducks, rodents, fishes, crayfish, etc.) keeping the activator vaguely long. The most frequent source - pigs at whom the disease proceeds in an acute form. In spread of an infection the mice and rats contaminating meat hulks on meat-processing plants and in the course of their storage can play a part. The sick person does not constitute danger to people around.
The transfer mechanism - contact. The person catches at hit of the activator on the injured skin of hands. Among animals the fecal and oral mechanism of transfer is implemented. Sick animals allocate the activator with urine and excrements, infecting the environment and various objects. As factors of transfer serve the skin and meat of sick animals, kontaminirovanny the activator hay, the soil, water.
Natural susceptibility of people low. Main epidemiological signs. The disease is widespread everywhere and quite often connected with a profession. More often butchers, cooks, hunters, cattle breeders, fishermen, housewives are ill. Usually register sporadic cases though also the outbreaks of a disease are described. Note aestivo-autumnal seasonality.

Erizipeloid's symptoms:

Incubation interval. Varies from 1 to 7 days. Distinguish three clinical forms of an erizipeloid: skin, skin and joint and generalized.
Skin form. Meet most often. Against the background of the normal or subfebrile body temperature and weak manifestations of other symptoms of intoxication in the place of entrance infection atriums there are a burning and an itch, then the erythema appears. Most often it is localized on skin of fingers or hands. The erythema is soft, with a cyanochroic shade, more pale in the center and with hypostasis on the periphery. Gradually increasing in sizes, it can take skin of all finger; against the background of an erythema vesicles with serous or serous and hemorrhagic contents sometimes appear. Skin temperature in the field of an affected area is slightly raised or normal. Quite often the phenomena of a regional lymphangitis and lymphadenitis develop. In dynamics of a disease the erythema turns pale, on its place there is a skin peeling, peripheral disappears swelled. The skin form of a disease lasts on average about 10 days.
Skin and joint form. Differs in simultaneous development of an erythema and arthritises of regional interphalangeal joints. The last are shown by a spindle-shaped swelling of joints, morbidity, restriction of movements in them. Usually the disease lasts about 2 weeks, but chronic recurrent arthritis with deformation of a joint in certain cases can develop.
Generalized form. Observe seldom. High fever, the expressed intoxication symptoms, development of a hepatolienal syndrome and emergence of krupnopyatnisty or erythematic rash on various sites of skin are characteristic. Arthritises, defeats of an endocardium, meningitis, pneumonia and other secondary focal displays of an infection are possible.

Erizipeloid's reasons:

The activator - a gram-positive motionless asporous stick of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of the Corynebacteriaceae family. Bacteria are unpretentious and grow on usual mediums. Two serovars of the activator are known: pork (suis) and mouse (murisepticum), circulating respectively among house or wildings. Высокоустойчив in external environment: in corpses of animals can remain, and sometimes and to breed within 3-4 months, in water - several days. The pickles and smoking of meat do not kill the activator. When cooking a piece of meat 10 cm thick the activator perishes only in 2,5 h, is sensitive to influence of 1% of solution of chloric lime, 3% of solution of lysol.

Erizipeloid's treatment:

The basis is made by etiotropic means. Drug I of a row is penicillin (6 million PIECES/days and more), row drug II - doxycycline (in the first days of 0,2 g, in the subsequent on 0,1 g/days). As alternative means macroleads, cephalosporins I and II of generations can be used. The course of antibacterial therapy makes 7-10 days. In not hard cases treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, at generalized forms hospitalization of patients is shown. According to indications appoint disintoxication, antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapeutic procedures. For prevention of a recurrence carry out intramuscular injections of Bicillinum-5 on 1,5 mln units of 1 times to 3 weeks by a course of 6-12 months.