Acute sinusitis

Description:

Acute sinusitis, or inflammation of okolonosovy bosoms, represents the acute inflammatory process extending to a mucous membrane of okolonosovy bosoms, a submucosal layer, and sometimes to a periosteum and bone walls.

Prevalence. At children's age pathology of okolonosovy bosoms in structure of LOR-diseases takes the 2nd place and reaches 32%, is observed at children of all age groups since first months of life. Frequency of an inflammation of okolonosovy bosoms depends on their anatomic development in children of different age.

Symptoms of Acute sinusitis:

Primary symptoms of acute sinusitis include:

• Pain/pressure in a face. A headache, feeling of overflow (various localization, depending on what bosom is affected). Pressure sense and tension in the affected bosom. In hard cases the severe pain which is localized not only in a Highmore's bosom, but also in a forehead, a malar, taking all half of the face joins.
• Nose congestion.
• Plentiful mucifying from a nose. Acute sinusitis is characterized by existence. unilateral or bilateral allocations from a nose, is more often than mucopurulent.
• Deterioration in sense of smell and taste.
• Cough/hyperemia.

Among other symptoms:

• Temperature, fever. Body temperature is increased, quite often there is a fever.
• Swelling of cheeks or century.
• Twang.
• An unpleasant smell from a mouth.
• Fatigue.
• Dentagra. The dentagra in the corresponding half of an upper jaw amplifying when chewing is often observed.

As a rule, sinusitis is preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection.

Reasons of Acute sinusitis:

The reasons of acute sinusitis can be as infectious (is caused by viruses, bacteria and mushrooms), and the allergic nature.

The most common cause causing acute sinusitis is the respiratory viral infection or, simply speaking, usual cold.

Viruses are capable to get into sine, causing their inflammation. For example, at hit of viruses or bacteria in a nasal cavity the organism answers with an immediate immune response, hyperproduction of slime and increase in quantity of lymphocytes in a mucous membrane of a nose. All this leads to narrowing of a gleam of the nasal courses and difficulty of breath. When inflammatory process takes a mucous membrane of sine, it also leads to its hypostasis and difficulty of an air outlet and the mucous sine separated from a cavity. The slowed-down or complicated outflow of slime creates additional conditions for reproduction of bacteria.

Such bacteria as Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae can be normal in upper respiratory tracts, without causing inflammatory reactions. However in case protective forces of an organism are weakened or outflow of slime from sine is complicated by an infectious catarrhal disease, these bacteria begin to breed strenuously, causing acute sinusitis.

Sometimes inflammations of sine are caused by a fungal infection. It arises in cases when the immune system of an organism is weakened and often proceeds on allergic type.
Chronic inflammations of nasal bosoms, vasculomotor rhinitis, inhalation of cold air and are even also capable to lead some deodorants to development of sinusitis.

Besides, certain people have a bigger risk to ache with sinusitis that is connected with anatomic features of a nasal cavity and sine (for example, deformation of a nasal partition), existence of other diseases (for example, a mucoviscidosis, allergic and not allergic rhinitis), definitely lives (for example, smoking, diving).

Treatment of Acute sinusitis:

At acute sinusitis antiedematous drugs for elimination of a congestion of a nose, antibiotics, soothing drugs and immunoproofreaders are generally appointed.

For reduction of hypostasis of a mucous membrane in a nose dig in vasoconstrictors (ephedrine, Naphthyzinum, Halazolinum, sanorin). However, it is longer not necessary to use these drugs than the term recommended in the instruction, as a rule, 4-5 days, otherwise they will worsen a state. At use of potivootechny drops or sprays patients have to adhere to accurately registered schedule of treatment and a dosage of drug since at uncontrolled use symptoms of hypostases or a congestion of a nose can amplify.

If prescribe the patient antibiotics, they are accepted, as a rule, by from 10 to 14 days. After a course of treatment symptoms completely disappear.

Antibiotics, effective against a certain type of the microorganisms which caused a disease can be appointed at sinusitis both in monotherapy, and in combination with antifungal drugs and immunoproofreaders. At prescription of antibiotics of the patient has to reside under control of the doctor, in order to avoid development of complications (allergic reaction).

Despite a huge arsenal of the available medicines, including antibiotics and antiedematous drugs, therapy of sinusitis not always is rather effective. It is connected in many respects with increase in number of antibiotic-resistant types of the microorganisms causing upper respiratory tract infections. In this regard one of the most perspective directions in treatment of both sinusitis, and other acute respiratory diseases is stimulation of factors of a local host defense of the person. In this area the independent place is allocated to means of "bacterial" immunization and vaccination - to immunomodulators. These drugs contain the inactivated fragments of cellular covers of bacteria which are responsible for bystry stimulation of a local immune response of an organism.

At fervescence appoint a bed rest, febrifugal (aspirin, pyramidon, paracetamol). At the expressed phenomena of intoxication appoint antibiotics intramusculary within 5 — 6 days. At acute antritis physiotherapeutic methods of treatment — UVCh-therapy, a sollyuksglampa of blue light are effective. Also steam inhalers are effective.

Sinusitis is artful that its acute form quickly passes in chronic which is rather difficult and long treated.