Folic acid

General characteristics. Structure:

Active agent: Folic acid — 1 mg

Excipients: Lactose, cellulose microcrystallic, polyvinylpirrolidone low-molecular medical (povidone), potato starch, magnesium stearate.

Pharmacological properties:

Folic acid is included into group of vitamins B. It contains in fresh vegetables (beans, spinach, tomatoes), and also in a liver and kidneys of animals. In a human body it is formed by intestinal microflora. For the medical purposes receive in the synthetic way. Folic acid is necessary for normal formation of blood cells, including processes of maturing of erythroblasts and formation of normoblasts. The lack of folic acid slows down transition of a megaloblastichesky phase of an erythrogenesis to normoblastic. Together with cyanocobalamine (B12 vitamin) is stimulated by an erythrogenesis, participates in synthesis of amino acids, nucleic acids, purines and pyrimidines, in sincaline exchange.

Pharmacokinetics. Folic acid is well and fully soaked up in digestive tract, is preferential in upper parts of a 12-perstny gut.
Intensively contacts proteins of plasma. Gets through a blood-brain barrier, a placenta and into breast milk. Time of achievement of the maximum concentration of-60 minutes.
It is deposited and metabolized in a liver with formation of tetrahydrofolic acid (in the presence of ascorbic acid under the influence of a digidrofolatreduktaza). It is removed by kidneys preferential in the form of metabolites; if the accepted dose considerably exceeds the daily need for folic acid, then she is brought in an invariable look.

Indications to use:

- treatment of deficit of folic acid, including against the background of unbalanced and defective food;
- prevention of development of defects of a neurotubule in a fruit in the I trimester of pregnancy;
- treatment and prevention of anemias, against the background of deficit of folic acid: the macrocytic hyperchromic anemia, anemia and a leukopenia caused by medicines and the ionizing radiation, megablast anemia, post-resection anemia, anemias connected with diseases of a small bowel, to a spr and a sprue.

Route of administration and doses:

Apply inside after food.
For prevention of development in a fruit of defects of a neurotubule in the I trimester of pregnancy - on 1 mg a day.
With the medical purpose: the adult on 1-2 mg a day. Depending on a state the dose can be increased to 5 mg a day.

Features of use:

For prevention of a hypovitaminosis of folic acid the most preferably balanced food. The products rich with folic acid - salad, spinach, tomatoes, carrots, a fresh liver, bean, beet, eggs, cheese, nuts, cereals.
Folic acid is not applied to treatment of V12-scarce (pernicious anemia), normotsitarny and aplastic anemia, and also anemia, refractory to therapy. At pernicious (In 12-scarce anemia) folic acid, improving hematologic indicators, masks neurologic complications. Pernicious anemia, purpose of folic acid in the doses exceeding 0,4 mg/days is not excluded yet it is not recommended (an exception - the period of pregnancy and a lactation). The patients who are on a hemodialysis need the increased amounts of folic acid.
During treatment antacids should be applied 2 hours later after reception of folic acid, Colestyraminum - in 4-6 hours prior to or 1 hour later after reception of folic acid.
Antibiotics can distort (to yield obviously underestimated indicators) results of microbiological assessment of concentration of folic acid of plasma and erythrocytes.
At use of high doses of folic acid, and also therapy during the long period decrease in concentration of B12 vitamin is possible.

Side effects:

Allergic reactions (skin rashes, itch, erythema, bronchospasm, hyperthermia); from digestive tract: anorexia, nausea, abdominal distention, bitterness in a mouth.
At prolonged use development of a hypovitaminosis of B12 is possible.

Interaction with other medicines:

Reduces effect of Phenytoinum (increase in its dose is required).
Analgetics (long therapy), anticonvulsant drugs (including Phenytoinum and carbamazepine), are oestrogenic, oral contraceptives increase the need for folic acid.
Antacids (including drugs of calcium, aluminum and magnesium), Colestyraminum, sulfonamina (including Sulfasalazinum) reduce absorption of folic acid.
The methotrexate, Pyrimethaminum, Triamterenum, Trimethoprimum inhibit a digidrofolatreduktaza and reduce effect of folic acid (instead of it the patients using these drugs should appoint calcium фолинат).
At simultaneous use with chloramphenicol, Neomycinum, polymyxins, tetracyclines absorption of folic acid decreases.

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to drug components, pernicious anemia, malignant new growths, deficit of cobalamine.

Overdose:

There are no data.

Storage conditions:

In dry, protected from light and the place, unavailable to children, at a temperature not above 25 °C.

Issue conditions:

Without recipe

Packaging:

Tablets of 1 mg.
On 10, 50 tablets in a blister strip packaging from a film of the polyvinyl chloride and printing aluminum foil varnished.
On 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 100 tablets in a container polymeric for medicines or a bottle from glass melt with a screw mouth with the screwed cover.
The free space in a container or a bottle is filled with hygroscopic medical cotton.
One container (bottle) or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 or 10 blister strip packagings together with the application instruction place in a pack from a cardboard.
On 5, 10 or 20 containers (bottles) or on 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 blister strip packagings together with the corresponding number of application instructions place in a box from a cardboard for a retail container (for hospitals).