Supraventricular arrhythmia

Description:

Disturbances of a rhythm in which auricles participate are called supraventricular (supraventricular) arrhythmias. This group of disturbances of a rhythm is the most widespread, and doctors and patients should face it most often.

Symptoms of Supraventricular arrhythmia:

Fibrillation of auricles – the most widespread arrhythmia which is usually display of other heart diseases (coronary heart disease, valve defects, myocarditis and so forth) or exchange disturbances (a thyrotoxicosis, an electrolytic imbalance and so forth). Sometimes it arises without the obvious reason, and then it call idiopathic. Mechanisms of development of fibrillation of auricles still are completely not studied. At some patients it arises owing to existence of a set of chaotic circular waves of electric excitement in auricles.
At others the center of abnormal electric activity which is usually in the field of falling of pulmonary veins into the left auricle is an origin of fibrillation of auricles. Anyway abnormal electric activity leads to suppression of impulses from the main pacemaker and to emergence of very frequent chaotic reductions of auricles and, as a result, spasmodic reductions of ventricles. At the same time ventricles, as a rule, are also reduced at the speeded-up speed.

Unlike fibrillation of auricles, when trembling the only abnormal circular wave of electric excitement circulates on the same way in the right auricle passing through an isthmus – narrow area of a cardiac muscle between the right atrioventricular valve and the lower vena cava.

Fibrillation and atrial flutter, as a rule, are easily distinguished as they give very characteristic picture on the electrocardiogram. It is more difficult to diagnose other types of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias as they can be shown by the same disturbance on the electrocardiogram – supraventricular tachycardia.

The WPW-syndrome arises owing to existence of an abnormal way of carrying out between auricles and ventricles. At the same time the electric impulse passes from auricles to ventricles on normal atrioventricular connection, and then comes back to auricles on an abnormal additional way of carrying out, closing a circle of electric excitement. As the abnormal way carries out electric impulses without delay, continuous circulation of an excitation wave leads to emergence of very frequent regular rhythm with consecutive excitement of ventricles and auricles.

Reasons of Supraventricular arrhythmia:

There are 5 main types of supraventricular arrhythmias:

        atrioventricular nodal tachycardia;
        WPW-syndrome;
        intra atrial tachycardia;
        atrial flutter
        fibrillation of auricles.

Treatment of Supraventricular arrhythmia:

For recovery of a cordial rhythm various antiarrhytmic drugs in various combination (Amiodaronum, quinidine, Disopyramidum, аллапинин, пропафенон, этацизин, соталол are used and so forth), drugs are selected in each separate case the attending physician.