Piracetam

General characteristics. Structure:

International and chemical names: piracetam; 2-0kso-1-pyrrolidinylacetamide; main physical and chemical properties: round tablets, coated, yellow color, with a biconvex surface. On a cross break two layers are visible; structure: 1 tablet contains piracetam 200 mg in terms of 100% dry matter; excipients: potato starch, povidone, magnesium carbonate the main, calcium stearate, film-forming covering (39G22433 Opadry II Yellow).

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Piracetam concerns to group of nootropic drugs. Drug positively influences exchange processes and cerebral circulation, stimulates oxidation-reduction processes, regulates consumption by brain fabric of glucose and oxygen, improves blood supply of a brain, processes of mezhneyronalny momentum transfer.
Under the influence of piracetam increase the maintenance of acetylcholine at the synoptic level and density of holinoretseptor. Drug strengthens   dopamine synthesis,  increases  the maintenance of noradrenaline in a brain, improves microcirculation in ischemic sites of a brain, increases energy potential of an organism due to acceleration of a turnover of ATP  and increase in activity of adenylatecyclase. Optimization  of power  processes  promotes  increase in resistance of TsNS to a hypoxia and various toxic factors.
Piracetam improves associative processes, integrative activity of a brain, stimulates processes of thinking and memory, improves ability to concentration and training, cerebration.
Drug does not show sedative action and does not cause euphoria.

Pharmacokinetics. It is quickly soaked up from a digestive tract and in 30 – 40 min. reaches the maximum concentration in blood. Well gets through hematoencephalic and placental barriers. In brain fabric collects in 1 – 4 hour. Elimination half-life about 4 hours. Out of cerebrospinal fluid it is brought much more slowly that testifies to high tropism to brain fabric. Practically it is not metabolized. 90% are allocated with kidneys in not changed look.

Indications to use:

Atherosclerosis of vessels of a brain, vascular parkinsonism, pathological processes with the phenomena of chronic cerebral and vascular insufficiency, the shown disturbances of memory, attention, the speech, dizzinesses. Disturbances of cerebral circulation owing to injuries of a brain and intoxications during recovery therapy. Diseases of a nervous system with decrease intellectual мнестических functions and disturbances of the emotional and strong-willed sphere.
Neurotic and astenoadinamichesky depressions with dominance of signs of an adynamia, asthenic, senesto-hypochiondrial disturbances, ideatorny block, vyaloapatichesky defective states, schizophrenia, psychoorganic syndromes of various etiology, senile and atrophic processes, in complex therapy of mental diseases.
In complex therapy of senile dementias, including Alzheimer's disease.
Tserebrostenichesky, encephalopathic disturbances, dysmnesias, intellectual insufficiency at children.
At an alcoholism Piracetam appoint for reduction of the phenomena of an adynamy, intellectual мнестических and other disturbances of mental activity.
At acute virus neuroinfections  for  reduction  of a hypoxia  and  ischemia  of a brain.

Route of administration and doses:

Piracetam is appointed inside to food, since 1,2 g (on 0,4 g 3 times a day) and raising a dose to 2,4 g (sometimes to 3,2 g and more) in days. Further the dose is lowered till 1,2 - 1,6 (0,4 g 3 – 4 times a day).
To children appoint: aged from 3 up to 5 years – on 0,2 g 3 times a day (to 0,8g in days); from 5 to 16 years – on 0,4 g 3 times a day. The maximum daily dose – 1,8 g. The course of treatment makes from 2 – 3 weeks to 2 – 6 months. If necessary the course is repeated in 6 – 8 weeks.

Features of use:

The therapeutic effect, usually, occurs in 2 – 3 weeks after an initiation of treatment.
With care it is necessary to use drug during control of vehicles.
Elderly people with a renal failure need to adjust a drug dose.
At a sleep disorder recommend to cancel evening administration of drug, having added this dose to day reception.
At long therapy control of a functional condition of kidneys is necessary. Patients with disturbances of functions of a liver do not need to adjust a dose.

Side effects:

Piracetam is almost non-toxical and is, usually, well transferred. At some  patients     the acrimony, concern, a sleep disorder, the dispepsichesky phenomena are possible. Patients of advanced age can have a sharpening of coronary insufficiency (it is necessary to reduce a dose or to stop administration of drug). Allergic reactions, manifestations of individual intolerance are not excluded.

Interaction with other medicines:

Piracetam can strengthen effect of the drugs stimulating TsNS, and neuroleptics. Interaction with clonazepam, Phenytoinum, phenobarbital, sodium Valproatum is noted.
At simultaneous use drug can exponentiate effect of indirect anticoagulants.

Contraindications:

Acute renal failure. Are not recommended to appoint drug the children under 3 years pregnant in the first trimester of pregnancy and during feeding a breast.

Storage conditions:

To store in dry, protected from light and the place, unavailable to children, at a temperature not above 25 °C.

Period of validity - 3 years.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

On 10 tablets in a blister strip packaging; on 3 or 6 blister strip packagings in a pack. On 60 tablets in a blister strip packaging.