Piracetam

General characteristics. Structure:

Active ingredient: 0,4 g of piracetam in 1 capsule.

Excipients: sodium glikolit starch, magnesium a carbonate the main, sodium додецилсульфат.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Piracetam is nootropic means, exerts positive impact on exchange processes of a brain. Increases concentration of ATP in brain fabric, strengthens synthesis of RNA and phospholipids, stimulates glycoclastic processes, strengthens glucose utilization. Piracetam improves integrative activity of a brain, promotes memory improvement, has protective action at various forms of a cerebral hypoxia, facilitates training process.

Drug improves bonds between cerebral hemispheres and synaptic conduction in neocortical structures, recovers and stabilizes cerebral functions, especially consciousness, memory and the speech, increases intellectual working capacity, improves a brain blood stream.

Pharmacokinetics. After intake it is well soaked up and gets into various bodies and fabrics. Bioavailability, irrespective of a dosage form, makes about 95%. Time of achievement of the maximum concentration in a blood plasma makes 30-60 min.

Gets through a blood-brain barrier, collects in brain fabric in 1-4 h after intake. Out of medullispinal liquid it is brought much more slowly, than out of other fabrics. Practically it is not metabolized. It is removed by kidneys.

Indications to use:

Piracetam is applied in neurologic, psychiatric and narcological practice.

In neurologic practice: vascular diseases of a brain with the phenomena of the chronic cerebral and vascular insufficiency which is shown in disturbances of memory, attention, the speech, dizzinesses and a headache; disturbances of cerebral circulation; states after injuries and intoxications of a brain, and also in the period of the residual phenomena of these states for the purpose of increase in motor and mental performance of patients. Piracetam is also applied at patients with the diseases of a nervous system which are followed by decrease intellectual мнестических functions and disturbances of the emotional and strong-willed sphere.

In psychiatric practice: neurotic depressions of various genesis with dominance in a clinical picture of signs of an adynamia, asthenic and senesto-hypochiondrial disturbances, the phenomena of ideomotor block; sluggish and apathetic defective states at senile and atrophic processes; complex therapy of the mental diseases proceeding on "integrally defective soil". As supportive application at treatment of depressive diseases, resistant to antidepressants, and also at bad portability of neuroleptics and other psychotropic drugs for the purpose of elimination or prevention of the somatovegetativny, neurologic or mental complications caused by them. As supportive application piracetam can be applied at epilepsy.

In narcological practice: complex therapy for stopping of abstinent states at alcoholism and drug addiction. Besides, piracetam apply at treatment of an alcoholism with the phenomena of permanent disturbances of mental activity (an adynamy, intellectual мнестические disturbances, etc.).

Indications at children. If necessary to accelerate process of training and to liquidate effects of the perinatal injuries of a brain caused by pre-natal infections, a hypoxia, a birth trauma at an oligophrenia, a delay of intellectual development, cerebral palsy.

Route of administration and doses:

At treatment of acute states Piracetam is applied inside after a course of parenteral treatment by drug.

At treatment of chronicities piracetam is applied, usually, since a daily dose of 1,2 g (on 0,4 g 3 times a day) and bring it to 2,4 g, sometimes to 3,2 g and more. The therapeutic effect in these cases is noted, as a rule, in 2-3 weeks from an initiation of treatment. In the subsequent the dose is reduced to 1,2-1,6 g (0,4 g 3-4 times a day). The course of treatment is continued from 2-3 weeks to 2-6 months. If necessary the course of treatment is repeated. Treatment by piracetam if necessary can be combined using psychotropic, cardiovascular and other medicines.

This dosage form is recommended for children of 5 years — on 1 capsule 3 times a day.

The maximum daily dose — 1,8 g. Course of treatment: from 2 weeks to 2-6 months.

Features of use:

At reception of Piracetam periodic control of indicators of function of kidneys (especially at patients with a chronic renal failure) — residual nitrogen and creatinine is recommended, and patients with diseases of a liver have a functional condition of a liver.

At treatment of patients with a cortical myoclonia it is necessary to avoid sharp drug withdrawal (risk of resuming of attacks).

When developing sleep disorders it is recommended to cancel evening reception, having attached this dose to morning and evening dosages.

During treatment it is necessary to refrain from driving of motor transport and occupations potentially dangerous types of activity demanding the increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Side effects:

At use of piracetam the loss of appetite, an acrimony, excitement, increase in sexual activity, a sleep disorder, a headache, dizziness, spasms, a tremor, dispeptic frustration are possible, the increased physical activity, at patients of advanced age occasionally is noted a sharpening of coronary insufficiency. In these cases it is necessary to reduce a dose or to stop administration of drug.

Side effects are most often noted at doses over 5 g/days.

At children, especially mentally retarded: fussiness, decline in the ability to concentration of attention, alarm, restlessness, motive disinhibition, disbalance, the raised conflictness.

Interaction with other medicines:

Simultaneous use of piracetam with the medicines stimulating the central nervous system is strengthened by their effects, with neuroleptics their central action (a tremor, concern, etc.) amplifies.

Piracetam strengthens effect of peroral anticoagulants.

Increases efficiency of hormones of a thyroid gland, neuroleptics, psychostimulants.

At appointment with neuroleptics reduces danger of emergence of extrapyramidal disturbances.

Contraindications:

Individual intolerance of drug; an acute renal failure, an acute phase of a hemorrhagic stroke, a depression with concern (the agitated depressions), Huntington disease; pregnancy and lactation.

Piracetam is applied with care at disturbances of a hemostasis, extensive surgical interventions, heavy bleedings.

Overdose:

At overdose there can be strengthening of possible side effects. First aid — a gastric lavage, reception of absorbent carbon.

Storage conditions:

List B. In dry, protected from light and the place, unavailable to children, at a temperature not above 25 °C. Not to use after the term specified on packaging. A period of validity - 4 years.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

On 10 capsules in a blister strip packaging. On 2 or 6 blister strip packagings together with the application instruction place in a pack from a cardboard.