Parainfluenza
Description:
Parainfluenza - the antroponozny acute viral disease affecting upper respiratory tracts (especially a throat) and proceeding with intoxication syndrome (it is expressed poorly).
Tank and source of an infection - the patient with clinically expressed or erased disease form. Patients constitute the greatest epidemic danger in the first 2-3 days of a disease, but allocation of the activator happens on average during 7-10 days.
The transfer mechanism - aerosol, a transfer factor - the air environment.
Natural susceptibility of people high. Postinfectious immunity is imperfect and short. The virus neutralizing, complement-linked and anti-hemagglutinating antibodies formed during infectious process do not protect from a possibility of new infection with a parainfluenza, but facilitate a current of a recurrent disease. Oroimmunity at newborns remains up to 6 months, in case of infection the disease at them proceeds easier.
Main epidemiological signs. The parainfluenza is eurysynusic, especially among military personnel and children. Viruses of types 1, 2 and 3 are widespread everywhere and can cause diseases at all seasons of the year though in general note autumn and winter seasonality. Viruses of a parainfluenza cause up to 20% of a SARS at adults, to 30% - at children. Register both sporadic cases, and epidemic flashes. All age groups are subject to a disease, but children, especially aged till 1 year are ill more often.
Parainfluenza symptoms:
The incubation interval varies from 2 to 7 days that depends on virus type. Gradual development of a disease with weak displays of intoxication is in most cases characteristic. There are an unsharp headache, an indisposition, chilling, a small ache in muscles. In typical cases body temperature remains subfebrile though sharp short-term rises to high figures or high fever from the very beginning of a disease are possible. From the first hours of a disease there are signs of defeat of a respiratory path: a nose congestion, a plentiful rhinorrhea with serous separated, the dry, quite often "barking" cough, a sadneniye and irritation in throats, a voice osiplost.
At survey of the patient reveal a soft hyperemia and regarding cases puffiness of mucous membranes of a nose, a back wall of a throat, puffiness and granularity of a soft palate. From other bodies and systems of essential frustration do not observe. However at children of early age, and also at the adults having chronic diseases of a respiratory organs process often and quickly extends to lower parts of respiratory tracts with development of a clinical picture of bronchitis.
Weight of a disease depends on age and a premorbidal background of the patient; as a rule, at adults the disease proceeds easier, than at children. Also severe forms of a disease with the expressed intoxication, hallucinations, a meningism are described.
Sometimes the current of a parainfluenza drags on to 2-3 weeks; after it often there is an asthenic syndrome.
Parainfluenza reasons:
The activator - a RNA-genomic virus of the family Paramyxovirus of the Ragatuxoviridae family. On structure of antigens allocate 4 types of a virus; subtypes 1, 2 and 3 are related among themselves. A set of antigens is rather stable. Parainfluenza viruses well breed in live fabric cultures, have the gemadsorbiruyushchy and hemagglutinating properties, show a tropnost to an epithelium of respiratory tracts. Viruses are unstable in external environment, at the room temperature no more than 4 h remain, their full inactivation occurs after warming up within 30 min. at 50 °C.
Treatment of the Parainfluenza:
Specific treatment is not developed, discuss a question of a possibility of use of Remantadinum in initial stages of a disease. Medical actions limit to symptomatic means.
At development of a false croup apply thermal procedures - the hot general (38 °C, 7-10 min.) or foot baths, hot-water bottles to legs, the patient is given warm drink (tea, milk with soda), apply mustard plasters to area of a throat and a thorax. Intramuscular administration of antihistaminic and sedative drugs (for example, Pipolphenum, etc.), steam inhalations with soda or ephedrine are shown. The croup phenomena at a parainfluenza usually quickly weaken, but can sometimes repeat. In the absence of effect of the above-stated therapy apply glucocorticoids.
