Disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism

Description:

Carbohydrates — an obligatory and most considerable component of food. In days of people consumes 400 — 600 g of various carbohydrates.
As the necessary participant of metabolism, carbohydrates are included practically in all types of a metabolism: nucleic acids (in the form of a ribose and a dezoksiryboza), proteins (for example, glycoproteins), lipids (for example, glycolipids), nucleosides (for example, adenosine), nucleotides (for example, ATP, ADF, AMF), ions (for example, providing with energy their transmembrane transfer and intracellular distribution).
Numerous disorders of metabolism of carbohydrates conditionally combine in several groups: a hypoglycemia, a hyperglycemia, glycogenoses, hexoses - and pentosemias, aglikogenoza. The listed frustration consider as standard forms of disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism.

Symptoms of Disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism:

Clinical picture of disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism of an obuslovln basic disease.
Examples of some disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism:
Glycogenosis - the disturbance of exchange of a glycogen which is followed by pathological accumulation of a glycogen in bodies.
Disease to Awnless wheat - the glycogenosis caused by an inborn lack of glyukozo-6-phosphatase - the enzyme which is contained in cells of a liver and kidneys. Glyukozo-6-fosfata-za chips off free glucose from glyukozo-6-phosphate that does possible transmembrane transition of glucose of cells of these bodies in blood. At insufficiency of glyukozo-6-phosphatase glucose is late in cells. The hypoglycemia develops. In kidneys and a liver the glycogen collects that leads to increase in these bodies. There is a redistribution of a glycogen in a cell towards its considerable accumulation in a kernel. Content in blood of lactic acid into which strenuously passes glyukozo-6-phosphate increases. Acidosis develops. The organism suffers from carbohydrate starvation.
Sick children, as a rule, early die.
B1 hypovitaminosis. Oxidation of pyruvic acid as B1 vitamin is a part of the coenzyme participating in this process is broken. Pyruvic acid collects much and partially passes into lactic acid which content also increases. At disturbance of oxidation of pyruvic acid synthesis of acetylcholine decreases and transfer of nervous impulses is broken. Education from pyruvic acid of acetyl coenzyme A decreases. Pyruvic acid is pharmacological poison for nerve terminations. At increase in its concentration by 2-3 times there are sensitivity disturbances, neuritis, paralyzes, etc.
At a hypovitaminosis of B1 it is broken as well a pentozofosfatny pathway of carbohydrates, in particular formation of a ribose.
The hyperglycemia - increase in level of sugar of blood is higher than normal. Depending on etiological factors distinguish the following types of giperglikemiya: alimentary, emotional, hormonal, гипергликемя at an anesthesia, at insufficiency of insulin, etc.

Causes of infringement of carbohydrate metabolism:

1. Disturbances of hydrolysis and absorption of carbohydrates
2. Disturbances of synthesis and splitting of a glycogen
3. Disturbances of an intermediate metabolism of carbohydrates
4. Hyperglycemia

Treatment of Disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism:

Carry out treatment of the main pathology - a diet, medicamentous correction.