Burns of eyes

Description:

Burns of eyes result from influence approximately of chemical or physical factors. On localization the century, conjunctivas, corneas allocate burns.

Symptoms of Burns of eyes:

Complaints to pains in the affected eye, a photophobia, decrease in sight. Objktivno is marked out a spasm a century, a cutaneous dropsy a century and conjunctivas. On B. L. Polyak's classification, on depth of defeat allocate four degrees of a burn of eyes:

The I degree of a burn of eyes — a hyperemia of a conjunctiva, skin a century. On a cornea easy opacifications owing to hypostasis appear. The main criterion is their complete disappearance.

The II degree of a burn of eyes — is available hypostasis and a superficial necrosis of a conjunctiva. The cornea becomes grayish and muddy, a surface its uneven. Besides, skin blankets a century and stromas of a cornea are surprised.

The III degree of a burn of eyes — is shown by a necrosis not only conjunctivas, but also the subject fabric — a cartilage, a century, a sclera. The Nekrotizirovan-ny conjunctiva has an appearance of a grayish-white or yellowish scab, a surface its opaque. Cornea also nekrotizirovana, muddy, surface dry. After rejection of a scab defects of a conjunctiva and cornea are filled with hems.

The IV degree of a burn of eyes — in addition to a conjunctiva is exposed to a necrosis also a sclera. The cornea is surprised all the way down and has an appearance of an opaque porcelain-white plate. These changes concern to group of very heavy or especially heavy burns.

Reasons of Burns of eyes:

Chemical factors include acids, alkalis and other active agents. Distinguish burns from physical factors with a radiant energy and thermal. Thermal burns develop at hit in an eye of the heated metal, hot liquid, is more rare — a flame.

Treatment of Burns of eyes:

First aid consists in elimination of the influencing factor, prevention of an infection, reduction of pains and obligatory administration of antitetanic serum, removal of chemicals from a kon-yunktnvalny cavity a wet tampon and plentiful washing by water. At burns an aniline pencil it is better to wash out 3% solution of a tannin for dye distribution reduction. Washing of conjunctivas is recommended it is scarlet a ny cavity neutralized solutions: at burns alkalis — 2% solution of boric acid or 0,1% solution of acetic acid, at burns acids — 2% solution of bicarbonate soda. Introduction to a conjunctival sac of blood of the patient, an autoblood injection under a conjunctiva. A frequent instillation of 20% of solution of Sulfacylum-natrium, penicillin, a mortgaging of oculentums with antibiotics or a liquid paraffin. For reduction of pains — perivazalny novocainic blockade on the course of a superficial temporal artery. The immediate direction to the oculist.