Nephrocellular cancer

Description:

Nephrocellular cancer is a disease at which malignant (cancer) cells are formed in kidney tubules.

Nephrocellular cancer (also known as a renal adenocarcinoma) is a disease at which malignant (cancer) cells arise in a vystilka of tubules (very small tubes) of a kidney. The person has two kidneys, on one on both sides of a rachis, in a waist. Tiny tubules of kidneys filter and purify blood, removing waste products and forming urine. Through a long tube which is called an ureter urine from both kidneys gets into a bladder. Urine gathers in a bladder and then is removed from an organism.

Cancer which arises in an ureter or a renal pelvis (part of a kidney in which urine gathers and follows in an ureter), differs from nephrocellular cancer.

Symptoms of Nephrocellular cancer:

Availability of blood in urine and swelling in an abdominal cavity belong to possible symptoms of nephrocellular cancer.

The symptoms described below can be caused by nephrocellular cancer. Other diseases can also cause the same symptoms. Early stages can proceed asymptomatically. Symptoms can appear in process of growth of a tumor. At their emergence it is necessary to see a doctor:

Availability of blood in urine.
Swelling in an abdominal cavity.
Constant stitch.
Appetite loss.
Weight reduction for no apparent reason.
Anemia.
To reveal and diagnose nephrocellular cancer, conduct examination of an abdominal cavity and kidneys.

Reasons of Nephrocellular cancer:

Smoking and abuse of some drugs for pain can affect risk of development of nephrocellular cancer.

Treat risk factors:

Smoking.
Misuse of some drugs for pain, including nonprescription pain medicine, throughout long time.
Existence of some genetic diseases, such as Gippelya-Lindau's disease or hereditary papillary clear cell cancer.

Treatment of Nephrocellular cancer:

Five types of standard treatment are applied:

Surgical treatment
In treatment of nephrocellular cancer surgeries for the purpose of partial or full removal of a kidney are often applied. The following types of surgeries are applied:

Nephrectomy. It is a surgical procedure for a carcinectomy in a kidney and a fabric quantity around it. The nephrectomy can be carried out to prevent loss of function of a kidney when other kidney is damaged or already removed.
Simple nephrectomy. It is a surgical procedure for removal only kidneys.
Radical nephrectomy. It is surgery on removal of a kidney, epinephral gland, the surrounding fabric and, as a rule, nearby lymph nodes.
The person can live with a part of one functioning kidney, but if both kidneys are removed or do not function, dialysis (the procedure of purification of blood using the device out of an organism) or transplantation of a kidney (change of a healthy donor kidney) is necessary. Transplantation of a kidney can be carried out if diseases extended only in a kidney and it is possible to find a donor kidney. If the patient is forced to wait for a donor kidney, other treatment is as required applied.

If surgery on an oncotomy is impossible, then for the purpose of reduction of a tumor treatment which is called embolization of an artery can be applied. Through a small section enter a catheter (a thin tube) into the main blood vessel of a kidney. Through a catheter enter small pieces of a special gelatinous sponge into a blood vessel. The sponge blocks a blood flow to a kidney owing to what cancer cells do not receive oxygen and other substances which are necessary for them for growth.

Even if the doctor during operation will remove all visible cancer educations, to some patients can appoint beam or chemotherapy after carrying out operation to kill cancer cells which could remain.

Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is a cancer therapy by means of high-energy X-ray and other types of radiation which destroy cancer cells. There are two types of radiation therapy. When using external radiation therapy by means of the special device the beam of radiation is directed to a body part where there is a cancer tumor. When using internal radiation therapy the radioactive material which is contained in capsules, or entered by means of needles, spokes or catheters is entered directly into the area of a tumor. The choice of a type of radiation therapy depends on a look and a stage of cancer.

Chemotherapy
The chemotherapy is a type of cancer therapy using medicines which stop growth of cancer cells, killing them or interfering with their division. When drug is accepted orally or entered into a vein or a muscle, it gets to a blood stream and influences cancer cells in all organism (system chemotherapy). When the drug is administered directly in a backbone, body or a perigastrium, for example, an abdominal cavity, it generally influences cancer cells on these sites (local chemotherapy). The choice of a way of reception of chemotherapy depends on a look and a stage of cancer.

Biological therapy
At this type of treatment for fight against cancer the immune system of the patient is used. The substances produced by an organism or created in laboratory use to strengthen, direct or recover natural protection of an organism against cancer. This method of cancer therapy is also called a biotherapy or an immunotherapy.

Target therapy
Target therapy consists in use of drugs or other substances which can reveal and attack specific cancer cells, without damaging normal cells. Antiangiogenic agents are a type of target therapy which can be applied in treatment of nephrocellular cancer at late stages. They prevent formation of a tumor in blood vessels, and lead to the fact that the tumor does not receive nutrients, ceases to grow or decreases.

By conduct of clinical trials new types of treatment are studied.

Transplantation of stem cells
Stem cells (unripe blood cells) receive from blood or marrow of the donor and enter to the patient by injection. From these stem cells organism blood cells grow and are recovered.