Cancer of ureters

Description:

Cancer of an ureter is the malignant tumor growing from a mucous membrane of ureters.  This type of cancer is quite rare disease and on the structure is similar to bladder cancer.
that disease most often affects men aged from 40 up to 60 years. The cancer tumor  most often affects the lower part right, left or both ureters. The tumor gets in submucosal and muscular layers, causes an atrophy and a hydronephrosis of a kidney, at the same time often metastasizes.

Symptoms of Cancer of ureters:

Cancer of ureters can be primary (appears directly from ureter fabrics) and secondary (it is formed owing to metastasises of other bodies). Secondary tumors are most often observed.
On the nature of growth allocate:

    * benign tumors of an ureter (it is long asymptomatically develop, growth noninvasive, do not give metastasises)
    * malignant tumors of an ureter (possess rapid growth, growth invasive, give metastasises in other bodies)

On the nature of growth allocate:

    * exophytic tumors (grow in an ureter gleam)
    * endophytic tumors (extend in the thickness of an ureter wall)
The following belongs to symptoms of cancer of an ureter:

    * Blood in urine (hamaturia)
    * Urodynia
    * Frequent desires to an urination
    * The back pains reminding renal colic
    * Pains in intercostal space
    * Pains on the ureter course
    * Temperature increase to subfebrile figures
    * Loss of appetite and body weights
    * At late stages – the palpated education in lumbar area

Reasons of Cancer of ureters:

The following belongs to risk factors of development of cancer of an ureter:

    * Smoking – provokes formation of metabolic products of tryptophane which are carcinogens
    * Professional harm – impact on the person of such substances as arsenic, benzidine, naphthylamine, nitrobiphenyl and some other chemical compounds provokes formation of tumors in ureters
    * The urolithiasis – irritation mucous concrements (stones) provokes its hyperplasia and can promote a malignancy (cancer regeneration) of cells
    * Chronic inflammations of urinogenital system – the risk of development of oncological diseases is doubled in the presence of an infection in uric ways
    * Arterial hypertension
    * Reception of diuretics (diuretic drugs)
    * The burdened heredity on this disease
    * The Balkan nephropathy – the chronic noninflammatory disease of kidneys leading to a renal failure

Cancer therapy of ureters:

After comprehensive inspection on the basis of the obtained data the doctor appoints the corresponding treatment for each patient:

    * Surgical treatment – usually includes removal of a kidney together with an ureter. During operation also a part of a bladder can be also removed. At usual band operation previously endoscopic delete a part of a wall of a bladder in the field of the mouth of an ureter.

At tumors of the small sizes the Israeli surgeons can carry out an endoskopichesy oncotomy of an ureter. At the same time except a standard resection of a part of an ureter carrying out laser or electrothermic coagulation of a tumor is possible.

After an oncotomy for recovery of a passage of urine it can be executed уретеронеоцистоанастомоз or ureter plastics with use of a rag of a wall of a bladder or a small bowel.

    * Chemotherapy - for cancer therapy of an ureter often use the drugs used during cancer therapy of a bladder (among them: adriamycin, Vincristinum, Bleomycinum, Cisplatinum, ftoratsit).
    * Radiation therapy – is applied remote gamma терпия which promotes reduction in the rate of growth of a tumor and formation of metastasises.
    * An immunotherapy – good results at treatment of this type of cancer show drugs of group of interferon which are administered directly in an ureter gleam through a catheter.

Early diagnosis provides the good forecast at cancer therapy of ureters.